The association of coffee consumption with prediabetes, diabetes, and markers of glucose metabolism in rural Vietnam: a cross-sectional study.

Abstract

Background: Coffee consumption has been shown to be protective against diabetes, but the effects of coffee with additives, such as condensed milk in Vietnam, remain underexplored. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations of coffee consumption with prediabetes, diabetes, and markers of glucose metabolism among 3,000 middle-aged rural residents in Vietnam.

Methods: Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine the associations of coffee consumption (0, 0.1-0.9, 1-1.9, or ≥ 2 cups/day) with prediabetes and diabetes, adjusting for demographics, lifestyle factors, dietary intake, comorbidities, and use of additives. Associations with insulin resistance and insulin secretion (as assessed by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β)) were examined using linear regression.

Results: Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for prediabetes were 1.02 (0.78-1.32), 1.18 (0.91-1.52), 0.60 (0.35-1.03) for 0.1-0.9, 1-1.9, or ≥ 2 cups/day, respectively, compared to non-coffee drinkers (p for trend = 0.84). For diabetes, the corresponding figures were 1.74 (1.14-2.67), 1.43 (0.92-2.20), 0.59 (0.22-1.59) (p for trend = 0.50). No significant associations were observed for HOMA-IR (p for trend = 0.41) or HOMA-β (p for trend = 0.44).

Conclusion: The present study among rural residents in Vietnam did not find clear associations of coffee consumption with prediabetes, diabetes, or markers of glucose metabolism, including the effects of coffee with additives, underscoring the complexity of these associations and the need for further research to confirm the findings in rural Vietnam.