Prevalence of Painful Temporomandibular Disorders and Overlapping Primary Headaches Among Young Adults

IF 3.5 2区医学 Q1 ANESTHESIOLOGY

European Journal of Pain Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI:10.1002/ejp.70013

Cristina Rocha Exposto, Mojdeh Mansoori, Bodil Hammer Bech, Lene Baad-Hansen

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Abstract

Background

Large population-based estimates of the prevalence of painful temporomandibular disorders (p-TMD) utilising standardised screening tools are scarce and have not investigated the prevalence of overlapping primary headaches. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of p-TMD in a large population of young adults (18 to 23 years) and to estimate the co-occurrence of p-TMD and two primary headaches, migraine and tension-type headache (TTH). The study also aimed to examine the extent of psychological (PHQ-4) and physical (PHQ-15) comorbidities and report prevalence across three gender categories (women, men and other).

Methods

Survey data from the Danish National Birth Cohort were collected (n = 11,982), in a cross-sectional observational design. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to address participation bias, revealing minimal impact on the estimates.

Results

The overall prevalence of p-TMD was 26.4% with gender-specific prevalence of women: 31.5%, other: 39.2% and men: 16.8%. Among those with p-TMD, 80.5% reported headaches at least once a month, and 13.8% over 15 days monthly. For the p-TMD individuals with a medical headache diagnosis, 31.9% experienced TTH and 10.9% migraine. The study also identified a higher proportion of moderate/severe psychological distress and physical symptoms in the p-TMD group compared to the non-p-TMD group. Logistic regression revealed a positive association between PHQ-4 and p-TMD, modified by gender (p = 0.016).

Conclusions

High overall prevalence of p-TMD and overlapping primary headaches was found in young adults. In addition, the study reports gender-specific associations between p-TMD, psychological distress and physical comorbidities indicating that this association is stronger for men than for women.

Significance Statement

This study found a higher-than-expected prevalence of painful temporomandibular disorders in young adults. It is based on a large population cohort and used standardised and validated screening tools. The study also reported common co-occurrence of primary headaches and explored gender differences. The study raises awareness for a possibly underestimated health burden in young individuals, particularly among individuals experiencing psychological distress and multiple physical symptoms.

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来源期刊

European Journal of Pain 医学-临床神经学

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

5.60%

发文量

163

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： European Journal of Pain (EJP) publishes clinical and basic science research papers relevant to all aspects of pain and its management, including specialties such as anaesthesia, dentistry, neurology and neurosurgery, orthopaedics, palliative care, pharmacology, physiology, psychiatry, psychology and rehabilitation; socio-economic aspects of pain are also covered. Regular sections in the journal are as follows: • Editorials and Commentaries • Position Papers and Guidelines • Reviews • Original Articles • Letters • Bookshelf The journal particularly welcomes clinical trials, which are published on an occasional basis. Research articles are published under the following subject headings: • Neurobiology • Neurology • Experimental Pharmacology • Clinical Pharmacology • Psychology • Behavioural Therapy • Epidemiology • Cancer Pain • Acute Pain • Clinical Trials.