Prevalence of Painful Temporomandibular Disorders and Overlapping Primary Headaches Among Young Adults

IF 3.5 2区医学 Q1 ANESTHESIOLOGY

European Journal of Pain Pub Date : 2025-03-28 DOI:10.1002/ejp.70013

Cristina Rocha Exposto, Mojdeh Mansoori, Bodil Hammer Bech, Lene Baad-Hansen

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Abstract

Background

Large population-based estimates of the prevalence of painful temporomandibular disorders (p-TMD) utilising standardised screening tools are scarce and have not investigated the prevalence of overlapping primary headaches. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of p-TMD in a large population of young adults (18 to 23 years) and to estimate the co-occurrence of p-TMD and two primary headaches, migraine and tension-type headache (TTH). The study also aimed to examine the extent of psychological (PHQ-4) and physical (PHQ-15) comorbidities and report prevalence across three gender categories (women, men and other).

Methods

Survey data from the Danish National Birth Cohort were collected (n = 11,982), in a cross-sectional observational design. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to address participation bias, revealing minimal impact on the estimates.

Results

The overall prevalence of p-TMD was 26.4% with gender-specific prevalence of women: 31.5%, other: 39.2% and men: 16.8%. Among those with p-TMD, 80.5% reported headaches at least once a month, and 13.8% over 15 days monthly. For the p-TMD individuals with a medical headache diagnosis, 31.9% experienced TTH and 10.9% migraine. The study also identified a higher proportion of moderate/severe psychological distress and physical symptoms in the p-TMD group compared to the non-p-TMD group. Logistic regression revealed a positive association between PHQ-4 and p-TMD, modified by gender (p = 0.016).

Conclusions

High overall prevalence of p-TMD and overlapping primary headaches was found in young adults. In addition, the study reports gender-specific associations between p-TMD, psychological distress and physical comorbidities indicating that this association is stronger for men than for women.

Significance Statement

This study found a higher-than-expected prevalence of painful temporomandibular disorders in young adults. It is based on a large population cohort and used standardised and validated screening tools. The study also reported common co-occurrence of primary headaches and explored gender differences. The study raises awareness for a possibly underestimated health burden in young individuals, particularly among individuals experiencing psychological distress and multiple physical symptoms.

Abstract Image

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青年人中疼痛性颞下颌紊乱和重叠性原发性头痛的患病率

背景：利用标准化筛查工具对疼痛性颞下颌疾病（p-TMD）患病率进行基于人群的大规模估计是稀缺的，并且尚未调查重叠原发性头痛的患病率。我们的目的是估计大量年轻人（18至23岁）中p-TMD的患病率，并估计p-TMD与两种原发性头痛，偏头痛和紧张性头痛（TTH）的共同发生。该研究还旨在检查心理（PHQ-4）和身体（PHQ-15）合并症的程度，并报告三种性别类别（女性、男性和其他）的患病率。方法采用横断面观察设计，收集丹麦国家出生队列的调查数据（n = 11,982）。进行了敏感性分析以解决参与偏差，揭示了对估计的最小影响。结果p-TMD的总患病率为26.4%，其中女性为31.5%，其他为39.2%，男性为16.8%。在p-TMD患者中，80.5%的人每月至少头痛一次，13.8%的人每月头痛超过15天。对于医学诊断为头痛的p-TMD个体，31.9%经历TTH和10.9%偏头痛。研究还发现，与非p-TMD组相比，p-TMD组出现中度/重度心理困扰和身体症状的比例更高。Logistic回归分析结果显示PHQ-4与p- tmd呈正相关，但存在性别差异（p = 0.016）。结论青年人中p-TMD和重叠性原发性头痛的总体患病率较高。此外，该研究报告了p-TMD、心理困扰和身体合并症之间的性别特异性关联，表明这种关联在男性中比在女性中更强。意义声明本研究发现年轻成人中疼痛性颞下颌紊乱的患病率高于预期。它是基于一个大的人群队列，并使用标准化和有效的筛选工具。该研究还报告了原发性头痛的常见并发症，并探讨了性别差异。这项研究提高了人们对年轻人可能被低估的健康负担的认识，特别是那些经历心理困扰和多种身体症状的人。

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来源期刊

European Journal of Pain 医学-临床神经学

CiteScore

7.50

自引率

5.60%

发文量

163

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： European Journal of Pain (EJP) publishes clinical and basic science research papers relevant to all aspects of pain and its management, including specialties such as anaesthesia, dentistry, neurology and neurosurgery, orthopaedics, palliative care, pharmacology, physiology, psychiatry, psychology and rehabilitation; socio-economic aspects of pain are also covered. Regular sections in the journal are as follows: • Editorials and Commentaries • Position Papers and Guidelines • Reviews • Original Articles • Letters • Bookshelf The journal particularly welcomes clinical trials, which are published on an occasional basis. Research articles are published under the following subject headings: • Neurobiology • Neurology • Experimental Pharmacology • Clinical Pharmacology • Psychology • Behavioural Therapy • Epidemiology • Cancer Pain • Acute Pain • Clinical Trials.