Effect of strains and temperatures on the stress relaxation of unfilled natural rubber

IF 1.2 4区化学 Q4 POLYMER SCIENCE

Journal of Rubber Research Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI:10.1007/s42464-024-00284-0

Muhammad Umar Zulkefli, Julia Gough

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Abstract

Many rubber-based components are required to withstand long-term stress or strain without developing excessive stress relaxation or creep. A model was implemented for simple shear which used the Boltzmann superposition principle (BSP) to predict the stress relaxation following changes in strain and the William–Landel–Ferry transformation to allow for changes in temperature. Stress relaxation was modelled as linear with the logarithmic of time with a Prony series deduced from two independent parameters. By means of small-time increments, the model can be used to model the stress relaxation under arbitrary strain and temperature histories. Stress relaxation measurements were carried out for two types of deformations: simple shear and compression. The samples were made of an unfilled natural rubber and tested under varying strains and temperatures and the results compared to the predictions of the model. The agreement was generally good, and the discrepancies are discussed. The model parameters were also used within the linear viscoelastic model in the commercial finite element analysis package ABAQUS, which enables modelling in deformation modes other than simple shear.

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应变和温度对未填充天然橡胶应力松弛的影响

许多橡胶基部件需要承受长期的应力或应变，而不会产生过度的应力松弛或蠕变。利用Boltzmann叠加原理（BSP）预测应变变化后的应力松弛，并利用William-Landel-Ferry变换考虑温度变化，建立了简单剪切模型。应力松弛模型与时间的对数呈线性关系，由两个独立参数推导出一个proony级数。通过小时间增量，该模型可用于模拟任意应变和温度历史下的应力松弛。应力松弛测量进行了两种类型的变形：简单的剪切和压缩。样品由未填充的天然橡胶制成，在不同的应变和温度下进行测试，并将结果与模型的预测结果进行比较。协议总体上是好的，对差异进行了讨论。模型参数也被用于商业有限元分析软件包ABAQUS的线性粘弹性模型中，这使得除了简单的剪切之外，还可以在变形模式下建模。

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来源期刊

Journal of Rubber Research 化学-高分子科学

自引率

15.40%

发文量

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Rubber Research is devoted to both natural and synthetic rubbers, as well as to related disciplines. The scope of the journal encompasses all aspects of rubber from the core disciplines of biology, physics and chemistry, as well as economics. As a specialised field, rubber science includes within its niche a vast potential of innovative and value-added research areas yet to be explored. This peer reviewed publication focuses on the results of active experimental research and authoritative reviews on all aspects of rubber science. The Journal of Rubber Research welcomes research on: the upstream, including crop management, crop improvement and protection, and biotechnology; the midstream, including processing and effluent management; the downstream, including rubber engineering and product design, advanced rubber technology, latex science and technology, and chemistry and materials exploratory; economics, including the economics of rubber production, consumption, and market analysis. The Journal of Rubber Research serves to build a collective knowledge base while communicating information and validating the quality of research within the discipline, and bringing together work from experts in rubber science and related disciplines. Scientists in both academia and industry involved in researching and working with all aspects of rubber will find this journal to be both source of information and a gateway for their own publications.