Precision engineering of vinblastine-loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles through statistical experimental design

IF 5.45 Q1 Physics and Astronomy

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI:10.1016/j.nanoso.2025.101472

Zenli Cheng , Ashok Kumar Janakiraman , Ramkanth Sundarapandian , Sinouvassane Djearamane , Hanish Singh Jayasingh Chellammal , Haja Nazeer Ahamed , Saminathan Kayarohanam

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The application of multifunctional zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) for the delivery of vinblastine (VB) represents a novel approach in nanomedicine. However, the synthesis of this combination, its characteristics and potential in biomedical applications have yet to be explored. Given its promising therapeutic prospects, a holistic experimental approach is essential to achieve a robust formulation of VB-ZnONPs with therapeutic values. Hence, this study aimed to employ statistical experimental design to optimize the synthesis of vinblastine (VB)-loaded ZnONPs and assess their potential in targeted drug delivery and antimicrobial applications. The effect of the critical process parameters such as stirring temperature, stirring speed and drying temperature on the mean particle size, zeta potential (ZP), and entrapment efficiency (EE) were evaluated and the optimal synthesis conditions were determined with Box-Behnken Design (BBD). Under the optimal synthesis conditions, VB-ZnONPs achieved mean particle size, ZP and EE of 159 ± 0.78 nm, −16.5 ± 0.61 mV and 92.8 ± 0.02 %, respectively, consistent with the predicted values from the software. UV–visible spectroscopy revealed an absorbance peak at 270 nm for VB and 344 nm for ZnONPs, confirming the formation of VB-ZnONPs. Further, the synthesis of VB-ZnONPs was affirmed through the detection of VB and ZnO functional groups in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed irregular and quasi-spherical shaped particles, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) displayed the elemental distribution of zinc, oxygen and carbon. The stability of VB-ZnONPs was verified through thermogravimetric analysis. X-ray diffraction pattern revealed that VB-ZnONPs possessed a crystallite size of 22.9 nm and a hexagonal wurtzite structure. VB-ZnONPs demonstrated pH-sensitive release of VB, indicating potential for targeted delivery to tumor microenvironment. Moreover, they prevented the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis) in a dose-dependent manner. These research findings underscore the significance of employing a statistical approach in optimizing the formulation of VB-ZnONPs and the potential of VB-ZnONPs in biomedical applications.

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来源期刊

Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects Physics and Astronomy-Condensed Matter Physics

CiteScore

9.20

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

22 days

期刊介绍： Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects is a new journal devoted to all aspects of the synthesis and the properties of this new flourishing domain. The journal is devoted to novel architectures at the nano-level with an emphasis on new synthesis and characterization methods. The journal is focused on the objects rather than on their applications. However, the research for new applications of original nano-structures & nano-objects in various fields such as nano-electronics, energy conversion, catalysis, drug delivery and nano-medicine is also welcome. The scope of Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects involves: -Metal and alloy nanoparticles with complex nanostructures such as shape control, core-shell and dumbells -Oxide nanoparticles and nanostructures, with complex oxide/metal, oxide/surface and oxide /organic interfaces -Inorganic semi-conducting nanoparticles (quantum dots) with an emphasis on new phases, structures, shapes and complexity -Nanostructures involving molecular inorganic species such as nanoparticles of coordination compounds, molecular magnets, spin transition nanoparticles etc. or organic nano-objects, in particular for molecular electronics -Nanostructured materials such as nano-MOFs and nano-zeolites -Hetero-junctions between molecules and nano-objects, between different nano-objects & nanostructures or between nano-objects & nanostructures and surfaces -Methods of characterization specific of the nano size or adapted for the nano size such as X-ray and neutron scattering, light scattering, NMR, Raman, Plasmonics, near field microscopies, various TEM and SEM techniques, magnetic studies, etc .