Hongliang Kang , Wenlong Wang , Liangna Li , Lei Han
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Gully heads suffer hydraulic and gravitational erosion triggered by rainstorms. However, how hydraulic and gravitational erosion affect the morphology evolution of the vegetation-covered loess gully heads is unclear. Field flow scouring and separation experiments were conducted to simulate the runoff and erosion processes of vegetation-covered gully heads subjected to concentrated flow on the Loess Plateau. The results show that the gully heads experienced early simplex hydraulic erosion and subsequent compound hydraulic and gravitational erosion under concentrated flow, resulting in the initiation, development, shrinkage, and reformation of the scour hole and plunge pool. In the early period, the rates of the scour hole widening and deepening had significant linear relationships with the on-wall flow rate (P < 0.01); moreover, among the hydraulic parameters of jet flow, the cumulative width and stable depth of the plunge pool had the highest significant correlations with the kinetic energy of the jet flow into the plunge pool (P < 0.01). Gravitational erosion contributed 26–50% and 0–26% to the maximum width and depth of the scour hole, respectively, and hydraulic erosion played a dominant role in scour hole development. Nevertheless, an overhanging mass collapse could reduce the depth and width of the plunge pool by 56–87% and 77–93%, respectively. The gully head retreated as a cyclic process of scour hole development, scour hole collapse (scour hole enlargement), overhanging mass collapse (scour hole shrinkage), and scour hole redevelopment. The mutual promotion of hydraulic erosion and gravitational erosion resulted in the sustained retreat of the vegetation-covered gully heads.
期刊介绍:
The International Soil and Water Conservation Research (ISWCR), the official journal of World Association of Soil and Water Conservation (WASWAC) http://www.waswac.org, is a multidisciplinary journal of soil and water conservation research, practice, policy, and perspectives. It aims to disseminate new knowledge and promote the practice of soil and water conservation.
The scope of International Soil and Water Conservation Research includes research, strategies, and technologies for prediction, prevention, and protection of soil and water resources. It deals with identification, characterization, and modeling; dynamic monitoring and evaluation; assessment and management of conservation practice and creation and implementation of quality standards.
Examples of appropriate topical areas include (but are not limited to):
• Conservation models, tools, and technologies
• Conservation agricultural
• Soil health resources, indicators, assessment, and management
• Land degradation
• Sustainable development
• Soil erosion and its control
• Soil erosion processes
• Water resources assessment and management
• Watershed management
• Soil erosion models
• Literature review on topics related soil and water conservation research