Data carriers for real-time tracking and monitoring in smart, intelligent packaging applications: A technological review

Abstract

Smart packaging represents a cutting-edge approach, incorporating various data carriers such as RFID (Radio-frequency identification), NFC (Near Field Communication), QR (Quick Response) codes, barcodes, Data Matrix codes, and Bluetooth beacons to enhance packaging functionality and interactivity. These data carriers facilitate real-time tracking, monitoring, and communication between products and stakeholders across the logistics and supply chain. Smart packaging ensures product authenticity, extends shelf life, and improves consumer engagement by integrating smart sensors and wireless communication technologies. This review examines the types of data carriers used in smart packaging, highlighting their applications, benefits, challenges, and emerging trends shaping intelligent packaging systems' future. The integration of these technologies improves logistics and inventory management, enhances consumer safety, and promotes sustainability efforts.