Flexible Biobased Thermosets from Epoxidized Plant Oils: A Study of Aliphatic Cross-Linking Agents

IF 4.4 2区化学 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

ACS Applied Polymer Materials Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI:10.1021/acsapm.4c0394410.1021/acsapm.4c03944

Jan Janesch*, Axel Solt-Rindler, Lara Dumschat, Oliver Vay, Alice Mija, Wolfgang Gindl-Altmutter, Thomas Rosenau, Wolfgang Raffeiner and Christian Hansmann,

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study investigates the preparation of flexible biobased thermosets by cross-linking epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) with three different hardeners: hexamethylene diamine (HMDA), bis(hexamethylene)triamine (BHMT), and sebacic acid. In a comparative analysis of amine and carboxylic acid cross-linkers, the mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties of the resulting thermosets were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and tensile testing. FT-IR spectroscopy revealed the formation of an amide network in samples cured by using amine hardeners. HMDA and BHMT provided superior mechanical properties, with tensile strengths of 3.7 MPa and 2.3 MPa, respectively, compared to 2.0 MPa for sebacic acid. Glass transition temperatures were also higher for HMDA (16.0 °C) and BHMT (12.4 °C) compared with sebacic acid (−1.4 °C). Moreover, TGA showed that samples cured using sebacic acid reached the point of fastest mass loss at lower temperatures (385 °C) than thermosets cured using amine hardeners (450–470 °C), indicating their improved thermal stability. However, HMDA samples exhibited a significant mass loss of up to 40% due to evaporation during curing. This study shows the potential of amine cross-linkers for enhancing performance and underscores the need for further research into optimizing curing conditions and cross-linking chemistry.

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来源期刊

ACS Applied Polymer Materials Multiple-

CiteScore

7.20

自引率

6.00%

发文量

810

期刊介绍： ACS Applied Polymer Materials is an interdisciplinary journal publishing original research covering all aspects of engineering, chemistry, physics, and biology relevant to applications of polymers. The journal is devoted to reports of new and original experimental and theoretical research of an applied nature that integrates fundamental knowledge in the areas of materials, engineering, physics, bioscience, polymer science and chemistry into important polymer applications. The journal is specifically interested in work that addresses relationships among structure, processing, morphology, chemistry, properties, and function as well as work that provide insights into mechanisms critical to the performance of the polymer for applications.