Engineering Ultratough and Impact-Resistant Poly(urethane-urea) Elastomers for Advanced Protective Equipment

Abstract

The pursuit of protective materials that strike a perfect balance between flexibility and superior impact resistance continues to drive significant advancements in material science, despite the inherent limitations of conventional materials. This study introduces a class of supramolecular poly(urethane-urea) elastomers, carefully designed by combining polycaprolactone soft segments with hydrogen bond-rich hard segments. This unique composition not only provides exceptional quasi-static mechanical properties, ensuring durability under everyday use, but also excels in dynamic mechanical properties essential for protection against high-speed impacts. These elastomers exhibit outstanding tensile strength, toughness, and impact resistance, outperforming existing commercial materials. Their remarkable performance is attributed to a supramolecular network structure with strong interactions between the soft and hard segments, which efficiently redistribute and dissipate energy through deformation and dynamic hardening. Furthermore, the reversible hydrogen bonds within the polymer matrix enhance the self-healing capabilities and recyclability of these materials, offering a sustainable solution for high-performance protective gear.