Global distribution, quantification and valuation of the biological carbon pump

IF 29.6 1区地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Nature Climate Change Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI:10.1038/s41558-025-02295-0

F. Berzaghi, Jérôme Pinti, Olivier Aumont, Olivier Maury, Thomas Cosimano, Mary S. Wisz

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Abstract

The biological carbon pump (BCP) sequesters vast amounts of carbon in the ocean, but its importance for conservation, climate finance and international policy has not been properly assessed. Here, using spatial analysis and financial valuation of the BCP service, we estimate that, annually, the BCP adds 2.81 GtC (range 2.44–3.53 GtC) to the ocean with a storage time of at least 50 years (±25 years). This ecosystem service is worth US$545 billion per year (US$471–694 billion) in areas beyond national jurisdiction and US$383 billion per year (US$336–471 billion) within all exclusive economic zones, where the sum of its discounted values for 2023–2030 is US$2.2 trillion (range US$1.9–2.7 trillion). These results quantify the climate and economic importance of the BCP and the important role of large ocean states in carbon sequestration. These findings can support discussions in climate finance and in the COP global stocktake for climate action. This study quantifies and values the carbon stored in the ocean due to biological processes. With uptake in the order of 2.8 Gt per year, valued at around US$1 trillion annually (at a carbon price of US$90 per ton of CO2), this service should be included in the global stocktake and climate actions.

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生物碳泵的全球分布、量化与评价

生物碳泵（BCP）在海洋中封存了大量的碳，但它对保护、气候融资和国际政策的重要性尚未得到适当的评估。通过对BCP服务的空间分析和财务评估，我们估计，BCP每年向海洋增加2.81 GtC（范围2.44-3.53 GtC），储存时间至少为50年（±25年）。这种生态系统服务在国家管辖范围以外的地区每年价值5450亿美元（4710 - 6940亿美元），在所有专属经济区每年价值3830亿美元（3336 - 4710亿美元），其中2023-2030年的贴现价值总和为2.2万亿美元（1.9-2.7万亿美元）。这些结果量化了BCP在气候和经济方面的重要性，以及大型海洋国家在碳封存方面的重要作用。这些发现可以支持气候融资方面的讨论和缔约方会议对气候行动的全球总结。

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来源期刊

Nature Climate Change ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

CiteScore

40.30

自引率

1.60%

发文量

267

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Nature Climate Change is dedicated to addressing the scientific challenge of understanding Earth's changing climate and its societal implications. As a monthly journal, it publishes significant and cutting-edge research on the nature, causes, and impacts of global climate change, as well as its implications for the economy, policy, and the world at large. The journal publishes original research spanning the natural and social sciences, synthesizing interdisciplinary research to provide a comprehensive understanding of climate change. It upholds the high standards set by all Nature-branded journals, ensuring top-tier original research through a fair and rigorous review process, broad readership access, high standards of copy editing and production, rapid publication, and independence from academic societies and other vested interests. Nature Climate Change serves as a platform for discussion among experts, publishing opinion, analysis, and review articles. It also features Research Highlights to highlight important developments in the field and original reporting from renowned science journalists in the form of feature articles. Topics covered in the journal include adaptation, atmospheric science, ecology, economics, energy, impacts and vulnerability, mitigation, oceanography, policy, sociology, and sustainability, among others.