The Role of Th17/Treg Axis in Retinal Pathology Associated with Diabetes and Treatment Options.

IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY
Michel-Edwar Mickael, Norwin Kubick, Kreshnik Miftari, Jarosław Olav Horbańczuk, Atanas G Atanasov, Korona Binçe, Piotr Religa, Agnieszka Kamińska, Mariusz Sacharczuk, Michał Ławiński
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Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes, leading to vision impairment and blindness. The pathogenesis of DR involves multiple factors, including hyperglycemia-induced vascular damage, hypertension, obesity, anemia, immune dysregulation, and disruption of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). Th17 and Treg cells, two types of CD4+ T cells, play opposing roles in inflammation. Th17 cells are pro-inflammatory, producing cytokines such as IL-17A, while Treg cells help suppress immune responses and promote anti-inflammatory effects. Recent studies highlight the importance of the Th17/Treg balance in retinal inflammation and disease progression in DR. Our literature review reveals an imbalance in DR, with increased Th17 activity and reduced Treg function. This shift creates a pro-inflammatory environment in the retina, worsening vascular leakage, neovascularization, and vision loss. The limited infiltration of Treg cells suggests that Th17 cells may uniquely infiltrate the retina by overwhelming or outnumbering Tregs or increasing the expression of recruiting chemokines, rather than only taking advantage of a damaged BRB. Therapeutic strategies, such as neutralizing IL-17A and enhancing Treg function with compounds like IL-35 or curcumin, may reduce inflammation and retinal damage. Restoring the balance between Th17 and Treg cells could provide new approaches for treating DR by controlling inflammation and preventing further retinal damage.

Th17/Treg轴在糖尿病相关视网膜病理中的作用及治疗方案
糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是糖尿病的主要并发症,可导致视力损害和失明。DR的发病机制涉及多种因素,包括高血糖引起的血管损伤、高血压、肥胖、贫血、免疫失调和血视网膜屏障(BRB)破坏。Th17和Treg细胞是两种类型的CD4+ T细胞,在炎症中发挥相反的作用。Th17细胞是促炎细胞,产生IL-17A等细胞因子,而Treg细胞有助于抑制免疫反应并促进抗炎作用。最近的研究强调了Th17/Treg平衡在视网膜炎症和DR疾病进展中的重要性。我们的文献综述揭示了DR的不平衡,Th17活性增加而Treg功能降低。这种转变在视网膜中创造了一个促炎环境,加剧了血管渗漏、新生血管和视力丧失。Treg细胞的有限浸润表明Th17细胞可能通过压倒或超过Treg或增加募集趋化因子的表达而独特地浸润视网膜,而不仅仅是利用受损的BRB。治疗策略,如中和IL-17A和用IL-35或姜黄素等化合物增强Treg功能,可能会减少炎症和视网膜损伤。恢复Th17和Treg细胞之间的平衡可以通过控制炎症和防止进一步的视网膜损伤来提供治疗DR的新方法。
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来源期刊
Biology-Basel
Biology-Basel Biological Science-Biological Science
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
4.80%
发文量
1618
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: Biology (ISSN 2079-7737) is an international, peer-reviewed, quick-refereeing open access journal of Biological Science published by MDPI online. It publishes reviews, research papers and communications in all areas of biology and at the interface of related disciplines. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files regarding the full details of the experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material.
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