{"title":"Assessment of Germplasm Improvement in Three Farmed Grass Carp Populations Based on Genetic Variability.","authors":"Zhongyuan Shen, Liming Shao, Xixi Liu, Haiqi Li, Haipeng Guo, Lang Qin, Kaikun Luo, Wuhui Li, Jing Wang, Shengnan Li, Qianhong Gu, Liang Guo, Xu Huang, Qinbo Qin, Shaojun Liu","doi":"10.3390/biology14030230","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The assessment of genetic improvement was comprehensively analyzed using the mtDNA <i>Cyt b</i> gene and SSR markers among three farmed grass carp populations caught in May 2024. The results of an mtDNA <i>Cyt b</i> gene analysis in 198 individuals showed that the haplotype diversity index (<i>H<sub>i</sub></i>) and nucleotide diversity index (<i>P<sub>i</sub></i>) were 0.555 and 0.00058, respectively. The results of the analysis of SSR marker data in 196 individuals indicated that the unequal dosage amplification at the same locus was found in the CC population. Moreover, the total number of alleles (<i>A</i>: 338), number of alleles per locus (<i>Na</i>: 15.36), observed heterozygosity (<i>Ho</i>: 0.8391), expected heterozygosity (<i>He</i>: 0.8380), and polymorphic information content (<i>PIC</i>: 0.8191) in the KC population was relatively higher than that in the CC (<i>A</i>: 129; <i>Na</i>: 5.86; <i>Ho</i>: 0.0025; <i>He</i>: 0.6191; <i>PIC</i>: 0.5747) and CY (<i>A</i>: 293; <i>Na</i>: 8.77; <i>Ho</i>: 0.821; <i>He</i>: 0.7483; and <i>PIC</i>: 0.5747) populations. The <i>FST</i> and AMOVA analysis showed the existence of a significant differentiation (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with a high genetic differentiation between the CC and CY populations. In summary, a high genetic variability exists in the KC population, while the father (CY) and mother (CC) populations have relatively low genetic variability. This study reveals evidence of the existence of a \"micro-hybrid\". Moreover, the results demonstrated that combining both gynogenesis and backcross breeding technology is vital for the genetic improvement of grass carp. Moreover, continuous research into the genetic health of these populations is required as well as support for the protection of germplasm resources and artificial breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939604/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Biology-Basel","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14030230","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The assessment of genetic improvement was comprehensively analyzed using the mtDNA Cyt b gene and SSR markers among three farmed grass carp populations caught in May 2024. The results of an mtDNA Cyt b gene analysis in 198 individuals showed that the haplotype diversity index (Hi) and nucleotide diversity index (Pi) were 0.555 and 0.00058, respectively. The results of the analysis of SSR marker data in 196 individuals indicated that the unequal dosage amplification at the same locus was found in the CC population. Moreover, the total number of alleles (A: 338), number of alleles per locus (Na: 15.36), observed heterozygosity (Ho: 0.8391), expected heterozygosity (He: 0.8380), and polymorphic information content (PIC: 0.8191) in the KC population was relatively higher than that in the CC (A: 129; Na: 5.86; Ho: 0.0025; He: 0.6191; PIC: 0.5747) and CY (A: 293; Na: 8.77; Ho: 0.821; He: 0.7483; and PIC: 0.5747) populations. The FST and AMOVA analysis showed the existence of a significant differentiation (p < 0.001), with a high genetic differentiation between the CC and CY populations. In summary, a high genetic variability exists in the KC population, while the father (CY) and mother (CC) populations have relatively low genetic variability. This study reveals evidence of the existence of a "micro-hybrid". Moreover, the results demonstrated that combining both gynogenesis and backcross breeding technology is vital for the genetic improvement of grass carp. Moreover, continuous research into the genetic health of these populations is required as well as support for the protection of germplasm resources and artificial breeding.
期刊介绍:
Biology (ISSN 2079-7737) is an international, peer-reviewed, quick-refereeing open access journal of Biological Science published by MDPI online. It publishes reviews, research papers and communications in all areas of biology and at the interface of related disciplines. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Electronic files regarding the full details of the experimental procedure, if unable to be published in a normal way, can be deposited as supplementary material.