Characterisation of Alternaria alternata Allergoids: Evaluation of the Stability of Grass Pollen Allergen Extracts Mixed with Alternaria alternata Allergoids.

IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY
Eva Abel-Fernández, Enrique Fernández-Caldas, Salvador Iborra
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Abstract

Allergens from pollen, mites, and moulds often sensitise patients simultaneously, posing challenges for developing stable and effective combination vaccines. Alternaria alternata, a major source of indoor and outdoor allergens, is strongly linked to asthma development and contains proteolytic enzymes that can degrade other allergens, potentially reducing vaccine efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and stability of polymerised A. alternata extracts (allergoids) compared to native extracts and their compatibility with pollen extracts (Phleum pratense). Allergoids were prepared using glutaraldehyde and characterised through SDS-PAGE, LC-MS/MS, NMR, and gas chromatography. Their immunogenicity and IgE-binding properties were assessed via Western blot and ELISA competition assays, while enzymatic activity was analysed using ApiZym kits. Mice immunisation experiments were conducted to evaluate antibody responses. Polymerised extracts exhibited reduced IgE-binding capacity while maintaining IgG-binding and immunogenicity. Mice immunised with allergoids generated antibodies that efficiently blocked IgE binding in allergic patients. Proteolytic activity was significantly reduced in allergoids, and pollen extracts remained stable when combined with them. These findings demonstrate that A. alternata allergoids are a safer, more stable alternative for immunotherapy, offering enhanced efficacy and reduced injections for polysensitised patients. This study provides critical insights for designing optimised combination vaccines.

草花粉变应原提取物与草花粉变应原提取物混合的稳定性评价。
来自花粉、螨虫和霉菌的过敏原往往同时使患者敏感,这对开发稳定有效的联合疫苗提出了挑战。交替孢霉是室内和室外过敏原的主要来源,与哮喘的发展密切相关,并且含有可降解其他过敏原的蛋白水解酶,可能降低疫苗的效力。本研究的目的是评价聚合的异敏草提取物(类过敏原)与天然提取物的安全性、有效性和稳定性,以及它们与花粉提取物的相容性。以戊二醛为原料制备类过敏原,并通过SDS-PAGE、LC-MS/MS、NMR、气相色谱进行表征。免疫原性和ige结合特性通过Western blot和ELISA竞争试验进行评估,酶活性采用ApiZym试剂盒进行分析。小鼠免疫实验评价抗体反应。聚合提取物表现出降低的ige结合能力,但保持igg结合和免疫原性。用类过敏原免疫的小鼠产生的抗体有效地阻断了过敏患者的IgE结合。类过敏原的蛋白水解活性显著降低,花粉提取物与它们结合后保持稳定。这些发现表明,麻草类过敏原是一种更安全、更稳定的免疫治疗替代方案,对多致敏患者提供更高的疗效和更少的注射量。这项研究为设计优化的联合疫苗提供了重要的见解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Fungi
Journal of Fungi Medicine-Microbiology (medical)
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
14.90%
发文量
1151
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X) is an international, peer-reviewed scientific open access journal that provides an advanced forum for studies related to pathogenic fungi, fungal biology, and all other aspects of fungal research. The journal publishes reviews, regular research papers, and communications in quarterly issues. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on paper length. Full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.
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