Sex Differences and the Relationship Between Athlete Anthropometrics and Long Jump Performance at National Elite Level.

Abstract

Objectives: Anthropometric characteristics influence performance and development in athletic activities such as long jumping. This study aimed to analyze sex differences in anthropometrics among high-level long jumpers and investigate the relationship between anthropometrics and long jump distance.

Methods: During the national championships, body height, mass, segment lengths, and circumferences of 39 male and 22 female competitors were obtained via a stadiometer, weight scale, and non-stretchable tape. Officials measured jump distances during the competition. ANOVA, correlation, and stepwise-forward regression analysis were conducted at a significance level of p < 0.05. The half-split method was used to cross-validate the final regression model.

Results: Height, mass, and more than 50% of the measured segment lengths and circumferences differed between sexes (η² = 0.053-0.422, p < 0.05). Jump distance correlated with sex, mass, height, arm span, shank and leg length, and upper arm and chest circumference (r = 0.264-0.686, p < 0.05). The final regression model identified sex and chest circumference as predictors of jump distance (adjusted R² = 0.519, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: This study enhances the understanding of key anthropometric features influencing long jump performance at an elite level. Recognizing the importance of these characteristics has practical implications for talent identification, athlete assessment, and strength program development.