Fungi That Live Within Animals: Application of Cell Cytometry to Examine Fungal Colonization of Ambrosia Beetle (Xyleborus sp.) Mycangia.

IF 4.2 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY
Ross A Joseph, Kamaldeep Bansal, Jane Nguyen, Michael Bielanski, Esther Tirmizi, Abolfazl Masoudi, Nemat O Keyhani
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Ambrosia beetles bore into trees, excavating galleries where they farm fungi as their sole source of nutrition. These mutualistic fungi typically do not cause significant damage to host trees; however, since their invasion into the U.S., the beetle Xyleborus glabratus has vectored its fungal partner, Harringtonia lauricola, which has acted as a devastating plant pathogen resulting in the deaths of over 500 million trees. Here, we show differences in the mycangial colonization of the indigenous X. affinis ambrosia beetle by H. lauricola, and the native fungal species, H. aguacate and Raffaelea arxii. While X. affinis was a good host for H. lauricola, the related ambrosia beetle, X. ferrugineus, was only marginally colonized by H. lauricola. X. affinis beetles neither fed on, nor were colonized by, the distantly related fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. Mycangial colonization was affected by the nutritional state of the fungus. A novel method for direct quantification of mycangial contents based on image cell cytometry was developed and validated. The method was used to confirm mycangial colonization and demonstrate alternating fungal partner switching, which showed significant variation and dynamic turnover. X. affinis pre-oral mycangial pouches were visualized using fluorescent and light microscopy, revealing that newly emerged pupae displayed uncolonized mycangia prior to feeding, whereas beetles fed H. lauricola contained single-celled fungi within 6 h post-feeding. Mixed populations of fungal cells were seen in the mycangia of beetles following alternating colonization. Nuclear counter-staining revealed insect cells surrounding the mycangia. These data highlight variation and specificity in ambrosia beetle-fungal pairings and provide a facile method for direct quantification of mycangial contents.

生活在动物体内的真菌:应用细胞细胞术检测真菌在木耳甲虫(Xyleborus sp.) mycania的定植。
仙甲虫钻进树木,挖出洞穴,在那里种植真菌作为它们唯一的营养来源。这些共生真菌通常不会对宿主树木造成重大损害;然而,自从它们入侵美国以来,光木甲虫(Xyleborus glabratus)已经传播了它的真菌伴侣——月桂哈林顿虫(Harringtonia lauricola),这种真菌已经成为一种毁灭性的植物病原体,导致超过5亿棵树死亡。在此,我们发现了本土真菌H. lauricola和本土真菌H. aguacate和Raffaelea arxii对X. affinis ambrosia甲虫菌丝定殖的差异。虽然X. affinis是lauricola的良好寄主,但相关的ambrosia甲虫X. ferrugineus仅被h.lauricola定殖。亲缘X. affinis甲虫既不以远亲真菌Magnaporthe oryzae为食,也不被其殖民。菌丝定植受真菌营养状况的影响。建立并验证了一种基于图像细胞术直接定量肌根内容物的新方法。该方法证实了菌丝定植和真菌伴侣交替切换,显示出显著的变化和动态周转。利用荧光显微镜和光学显微镜观察,发现新出的蛹在摄食前显示未定植的菌丝,而喂食月牙蛾的甲虫在摄食后6小时内含有单细胞真菌。在交替定植后,在甲虫的菌丝中发现了混合的真菌细胞群。核反染色显示菌丝周围有昆虫细胞。这些数据突出了ambrosia甲虫-真菌配对的变异和特异性,并为直接量化菌丝含量提供了一种简便的方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Fungi
Journal of Fungi Medicine-Microbiology (medical)
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
14.90%
发文量
1151
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X) is an international, peer-reviewed scientific open access journal that provides an advanced forum for studies related to pathogenic fungi, fungal biology, and all other aspects of fungal research. The journal publishes reviews, regular research papers, and communications in quarterly issues. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on paper length. Full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.
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