Hepatoblastoma: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies.

IF 2.8 4区医学 Q2 ONCOLOGY

Current oncology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI:10.3390/curroncol32030149

Ling Fan, Jintong Na, Tieliu Shi, Yuan Liao

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Abstract

Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common malignant liver tumor in children under five years of age. Although globally rare, it accounts for a large proportion of liver cancer in children and has poor survival rates in high-risk and metastatic cases. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic strategies of HB. Mutations in the CTNNB1 gene and the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway are essential genetic factors. Furthermore, genetic syndromes like Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) considerably heighten the risk of associated conditions. Additionally, epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and the influence of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are pivotal drivers of tumor development. Diagnostics include serum biomarkers, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and imaging techniques. Standard treatments are chemotherapy, surgical resection, and liver transplantation (LT). Emerging therapies like immunotherapy and targeted treatments offer hope against chemotherapy resistance. Future research will prioritize personalized medicine, novel biomarkers, and molecular-targeted therapies to improve survival outcomes.

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肝母细胞瘤：从分子机制到治疗策略。

肝母细胞瘤（HB）是五岁以下儿童最常见的恶性肝脏肿瘤。虽然全球罕见，但它在儿童肝癌中占很大比例，在高风险和转移性病例中生存率很低。本文综述了HB的分子机制、诊断方法和治疗策略。CTNNB1基因的突变和Wnt/β-catenin通路的激活是必不可少的遗传因素。此外，遗传综合征如贝克威氏综合征（BWS）和家族性腺瘤性息肉病（FAP）大大增加了相关疾病的风险。此外，表观遗传机制，如DNA甲基化和非编码rna （ncRNAs）的影响，是肿瘤发展的关键驱动因素。诊断包括血清生物标志物，免疫组织化学（IHC）和成像技术。标准治疗是化疗、手术切除和肝移植（LT）。免疫疗法和靶向治疗等新兴疗法为对抗化疗耐药性带来了希望。未来的研究将优先考虑个性化医疗、新型生物标志物和分子靶向治疗，以改善生存结果。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Current oncology ONCOLOGY-

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

7.70%

发文量

664

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Current Oncology is a peer-reviewed, Canadian-based and internationally respected journal. Current Oncology represents a multidisciplinary medium encompassing health care workers in the field of cancer therapy in Canada to report upon and to review progress in the management of this disease. We encourage submissions from all fields of cancer medicine, including radiation oncology, surgical oncology, medical oncology, pediatric oncology, pathology, and cancer rehabilitation and survivorship. Articles published in the journal typically contain information that is relevant directly to clinical oncology practice, and have clear potential for application to the current or future practice of cancer medicine.