Post-Secretion Processes and Modification of Extracellular Vesicles.

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an important mediator of intercellular communication and the regulation of processes occurring in cells and tissues. The processes of EVs secretion by cells into the extracellular space (ECS) leads to their interaction with its participants. The ECS is a dynamic structure that also takes direct part in many processes of intercellular communication and regulation. Changes in the ECS can also be associated with pathological processes, such as increased acidity during the development of solid tumors, changes in the composition and nature of the organization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during fibroblast activation, an increase in the content of soluble molecules during necrosis, and other processes. The interaction of these two systems, the EVs and the ESC, leads to structural and functional alteration in both participants. In the current review, we will focus on these alterations in the EVs which we termed post-secretory modification and processes (PSMPs) of EVs. PSPMs can have a significant effect on the immediate cellular environment and on the spread of the pathological process in the body as a whole. Thus, it can be assumed that PSPMs are one of the important stages in the regulation of intercellular communication, which has significant differences in the norm and in pathology.