Dead tree removal after drought mortality increases understory plant diversity in a mixed conifer forest

IF 2.7 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY
Ecosphere Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI:10.1002/ecs2.70215
Rebecca Bewley Wayman, Quinn M. Sorenson
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Altered disturbance regimes during a time of rapid global change present challenges for decision-making concerning ecosystem recovery. In the Sierra Nevada of California, USA, 129 million trees died due to severe drought from 2012 to 2017, raising concerns over forest ecosystem health and dead fuel loads available for future wildfires. One approach to managing forests after tree mortality is to cut and remove standing dead trees, yet the ecological effects of this management practice are not well understood, particularly in western US montane coniferous forests. We compared the management practice of dead tree removal versus no removal following severe drought and insect-induced tree mortality in the Sierra Nevada and evaluated the initial effects on understory plants in terms of diversity, vegetative cover, and community composition. Understory plants were sampled in 122 paired plots (treated and untreated; 22 m diameter) spanning 300 km of the Sierra Nevada 1–5 years after the removal of recently dead trees. We found that plant species diversity was higher where dead trees were removed across all plant subgroups (annuals, perennials, shrubs, natives, and non-natives). Higher total plant species richness and annual species richness were associated with lower live tree cover, but shrub and perennial richness were associated with higher estimated soil moisture and not with live tree cover. Understory vegetative cover was modestly lower with treatment, driven largely by decreases in tree sapling cover, but annual and non-native species cover were higher with treatment. Plant community composition was significantly different in treated and untreated plots, but communities were highly overlapping. Our results align with research in other western US forests that found a near-term increase in understory diversity following drought-killed dead tree harvests, but future research is needed to identify longer term patterns. Our project provides essential information to assess whether recovery goals related to understory vegetation are likely to be met under different post-disturbance management scenarios.

Abstract Image

干旱死亡后枯死树木的移除增加了混交林针叶林下植物的多样性
在全球快速变化的时期,干扰制度的改变对生态系统恢复的决策提出了挑战。在美国加利福尼亚州的内华达山脉,2012年至2017年严重干旱导致1.29亿棵树死亡,引发了人们对森林生态系统健康和未来野火可用的死燃料负荷的担忧。在树木死亡后管理森林的一种方法是砍伐和移走枯死的树木,然而这种管理做法的生态影响还没有得到很好的理解,特别是在美国西部的山地针叶林。我们比较了在内华达山脉严重干旱和虫害导致的树木死亡后,清除死树和不清除死树的管理实践,并从多样性、植被覆盖和群落组成方面评估了对林下植物的初步影响。在122个成对样地(处理和未处理)取样林下植物;直径22米),横跨内华达山脉300公里,在移除最近死亡的树木后1-5年。研究发现,在所有植物亚群(一年生植物、多年生植物、灌木、本地植物和非本地植物)中,死树被移除的植物物种多样性更高。较高的植物总物种丰富度和年物种丰富度与较低的活树盖度相关,而灌木和多年生物种丰富度与较高的土壤水分相关,而与活树盖度无关。林下植被盖度随处理而适度降低,主要是由于树苗盖度的减少,但一年生和外来物种盖度随处理而增加。处理与未处理样地植物群落组成差异显著,但群落高度重叠。我们的研究结果与美国西部其他森林的研究结果一致,这些研究发现,在干旱死亡的死树收获后,林下植被多样性近期有所增加,但未来的研究需要确定长期模式。我们的项目提供了必要的信息,以评估在不同的干扰后管理方案下,与林下植被相关的恢复目标是否有可能实现。
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来源期刊
Ecosphere
Ecosphere ECOLOGY-
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
3.70%
发文量
378
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: The scope of Ecosphere is as broad as the science of ecology itself. The journal welcomes submissions from all sub-disciplines of ecological science, as well as interdisciplinary studies relating to ecology. The journal''s goal is to provide a rapid-publication, online-only, open-access alternative to ESA''s other journals, while maintaining the rigorous standards of peer review for which ESA publications are renowned.
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