Discovering Novel Short- and Medium-Chain Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Human Fecal Samples Using Untargeted Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

IF 1.8 3区化学 Q4 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI:10.1002/rcm.10032

Jayashankar Jayaprakash, Divyavani Gowda, Rachana M. Gangadhara, Shalini Jain, Hariom Yadav, Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda, Shu-Ping Hui

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Rationale

Exploring novel metabolites produced by host gut microbiome communication is crucial for understanding their roles in various disease pathologies. We previously uncovered a novel class of lipids, short-chain fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (SFAHFAs), in mouse fecal samples and demonstrated their promising physiological functions in mammals. However, the discovery of SFAHFAs in human samples remains unexplored.

Methods

This study aimed to analyze the SFAHFAs and their structural analogs in human fecal samples using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Results

We identified 26 isomeric lipid species, including SFAHFAs and novel medium-chain fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (MFAHFAs). The detected SFAHFAs and MFAHFAs were characterized by accurate mass measurements using MSⁿ analysis. The results were validated by matching the mass spectral fragmentation and retention time with authentic standards. Two new MFAHFAs, enanthic acid and caprylic acid esters of long-chain hydroxy fatty acids (C24 and C26), were detected and characterized for the first time in human fecal samples. Among the 26 isomeric lipid species, SFAHFA 2:0/24:0 or 4:0/22:0 and SFAHFA 2:0/24:1 were most abundant among the saturated and unsaturated SFAHFAs, respectively.

Conclusions

This study offers the first insights into detecting and characterizing novel gut microbial lipids in human fecal samples. Further investigations are essential to recognize the metabolism and function of these lipids in the human gut.

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来源期刊

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 化学-分析化学

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

5.00%

发文量

219

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry is a journal whose aim is the rapid publication of original research results and ideas on all aspects of the science of gas-phase ions; it covers all the associated scientific disciplines. There is no formal limit on paper length ("rapid" is not synonymous with "brief"), but papers should be of a length that is commensurate with the importance and complexity of the results being reported. Contributions may be theoretical or practical in nature; they may deal with methods, techniques and applications, or with the interpretation of results; they may cover any area in science that depends directly on measurements made upon gaseous ions or that is associated with such measurements.