Discovering Novel Short- and Medium-Chain Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Human Fecal Samples Using Untargeted Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry

IF 1.8 3区化学 Q4 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry Pub Date : 2025-03-27 DOI:10.1002/rcm.10032

Jayashankar Jayaprakash, Divyavani Gowda, Rachana M. Gangadhara, Shalini Jain, Hariom Yadav, Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda, Shu-Ping Hui

{"title":"Discovering Novel Short- and Medium-Chain Esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Human Fecal Samples Using Untargeted Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Jayashankar Jayaprakash, Divyavani Gowda, Rachana M. Gangadhara, Shalini Jain, Hariom Yadav, Siddabasave Gowda B. Gowda, Shu-Ping Hui","doi":"10.1002/rcm.10032","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Rationale</h3>\n \n <p>Exploring novel metabolites produced by host gut microbiome communication is crucial for understanding their roles in various disease pathologies. We previously uncovered a novel class of lipids, short-chain fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (SFAHFAs), in mouse fecal samples and demonstrated their promising physiological functions in mammals. However, the discovery of SFAHFAs in human samples remains unexplored.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Methods</h3>\n \n <p>This study aimed to analyze the SFAHFAs and their structural analogs in human fecal samples using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>We identified 26 isomeric lipid species, including SFAHFAs and novel medium-chain fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (MFAHFAs). The detected SFAHFAs and MFAHFAs were characterized by accurate mass measurements using MS<sup>n</sup> analysis. The results were validated by matching the mass spectral fragmentation and retention time with authentic standards. Two new MFAHFAs, enanthic acid and caprylic acid esters of long-chain hydroxy fatty acids (C24 and C26), were detected and characterized for the first time in human fecal samples. Among the 26 isomeric lipid species, SFAHFA 2:0/24:0 or 4:0/22:0 and SFAHFA 2:0/24:1 were most abundant among the saturated and unsaturated SFAHFAs, respectively.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>This study offers the first insights into detecting and characterizing novel gut microbial lipids in human fecal samples. Further investigations are essential to recognize the metabolism and function of these lipids in the human gut.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":225,"journal":{"name":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","volume":"39 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry","FirstCategoryId":"92","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rcm.10032","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Rationale

Exploring novel metabolites produced by host gut microbiome communication is crucial for understanding their roles in various disease pathologies. We previously uncovered a novel class of lipids, short-chain fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (SFAHFAs), in mouse fecal samples and demonstrated their promising physiological functions in mammals. However, the discovery of SFAHFAs in human samples remains unexplored.

Methods

This study aimed to analyze the SFAHFAs and their structural analogs in human fecal samples using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Results

We identified 26 isomeric lipid species, including SFAHFAs and novel medium-chain fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (MFAHFAs). The detected SFAHFAs and MFAHFAs were characterized by accurate mass measurements using MSⁿ analysis. The results were validated by matching the mass spectral fragmentation and retention time with authentic standards. Two new MFAHFAs, enanthic acid and caprylic acid esters of long-chain hydroxy fatty acids (C24 and C26), were detected and characterized for the first time in human fecal samples. Among the 26 isomeric lipid species, SFAHFA 2:0/24:0 or 4:0/22:0 and SFAHFA 2:0/24:1 were most abundant among the saturated and unsaturated SFAHFAs, respectively.

Conclusions

This study offers the first insights into detecting and characterizing novel gut microbial lipids in human fecal samples. Further investigations are essential to recognize the metabolism and function of these lipids in the human gut.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

利用非靶向液相色谱/质谱法在人类粪便样品中发现新的短链和中链脂肪酸酯

研究宿主肠道微生物群交流产生的新代谢物对于理解它们在各种疾病病理中的作用至关重要。我们之前在小鼠粪便样本中发现了一类新的脂类——羟基脂肪酸短链脂肪酸酯（shahfas），并在哺乳动物中证明了它们有希望的生理功能。然而，在人类样本中发现的shahfas仍未被探索。方法采用液相色谱/质谱联用技术对人粪便中的shfafas及其结构类似物进行分析。结果共鉴定出26种脂质异构体，包括shahfa和新型羟基脂肪酸中链脂肪酸酯（MFAHFAs）。检测到的SFAHFAs和MFAHFAs用MSn分析进行了精确的质量测量。将质谱破碎度和保留时间与标准品相匹配，验证了结果的正确性。在人类粪便中首次检测到长链羟基脂肪酸烯酸酯和辛酸酯（C24和C26）两种新的MFAHFAs。在26种异构体脂质中，饱和和不饱和的SFAHFA分别以2:0/24:0、4:0/22:0和2:0/24:1含量最多。本研究为人类粪便样本中新型肠道微生物脂质的检测和表征提供了首次见解。进一步的研究对于认识这些脂质在人体肠道中的代谢和功能至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 化学-分析化学

CiteScore

4.10

自引率

5.00%

发文量

219

审稿时长

2.6 months

期刊介绍： Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry is a journal whose aim is the rapid publication of original research results and ideas on all aspects of the science of gas-phase ions; it covers all the associated scientific disciplines. There is no formal limit on paper length ("rapid" is not synonymous with "brief"), but papers should be of a length that is commensurate with the importance and complexity of the results being reported. Contributions may be theoretical or practical in nature; they may deal with methods, techniques and applications, or with the interpretation of results; they may cover any area in science that depends directly on measurements made upon gaseous ions or that is associated with such measurements.