Engineering ceramics for biomedical applications through nanofiller integration and 3D printing

IF 23.2 2区 材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, COMPOSITES
Vahid Karamzadeh, Hamidreza Yazdani Sarvestani, Ahmad Sohrabi-Kashani, Apoorv Kulkarni, Arman Jafari, Thomas Lacelle, Houman Savoji, Michael B. Jakubinek, Behnam Ashrafi
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Abstract

Known for their strength and durability, ceramic materials are often limited by their brittleness. Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) offer a promising alternative, enabling the fabrication of complex shapes that traditional ceramics struggle to achieve. This study introduces a cost-effective method for producing robust PDCs using low-cost liquid crystal display (LCD) 3D printing combined with strategic nanofiller integration. By incorporating nanofillers such as silicon nitride and alumina into a silicon oxycarbide precursor (SPR-684) matrix, we significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the resultant ceramics. Optimized formulations, including a photoinitiator for vat photopolymerization, were 3D printed into complex geometries, such as gyroids and lattices, and subsequently converted to ceramics through pyrolysis. We systematically investigated the effects of varying nanofiller concentrations (0.2 to 1 wt%) on the density, microstructure, and mechanical performance of the PDC lattices. The results showed remarkable improvements, with increases of up to 2060% in toughness, 20% in stiffness, and 900% in compressive strength attributed to nanofiller integration. In terms of biocompatibility, cytotoxicity assays revealed high cell viability and proliferation on the fabricated PDC scaffolds, indicating minimal cytotoxicity and supporting cell adhesion—key attributes for tissue integration in biomedical applications. Moreover, the compressive properties of the nanofiller-enhanced ceramics closely matched those of human trabecular bone, underscoring their suitability as load-bearing bio-implants. This LCD 3D printing method offers versatility, precision, and cost-effectiveness for bioceramic fabrication, positioning these materials as promising candidates for future biomedical devices where both mechanical performance and biocompatibility are critical.

通过纳米填料集成和3D打印用于生物医学应用的工程陶瓷
陶瓷材料以其强度和耐久性而闻名,但往往受到其脆性的限制。聚合物衍生陶瓷(PDCs)提供了一个有前途的替代方案,使传统陶瓷难以实现的复杂形状的制造成为可能。本研究介绍了一种利用低成本液晶显示器(LCD) 3D打印结合战略性纳米填料集成生产坚固耐用的PDCs的低成本方法。通过将氮化硅和氧化铝等纳米填料加入到碳化硅前驱体(SPR-684)基体中,我们显著提高了所得陶瓷的力学性能。优化的配方,包括用于还原光聚合的光引发剂,被3D打印成复杂的几何形状,如陀螺仪和晶格,随后通过热解转化为陶瓷。我们系统地研究了不同纳米填料浓度(0.2 ~ 1 wt%)对PDC晶格密度、微观结构和力学性能的影响。结果显示出显著的改善,由于纳米填料的集成,韧性提高了2060%,刚度提高了20%,抗压强度提高了900%。在生物相容性方面,细胞毒性测试显示,制备的PDC支架具有较高的细胞活力和增殖能力,表明其细胞毒性最小,并支持细胞粘附,这是生物医学应用中组织整合的关键属性。此外,纳米填料增强陶瓷的压缩性能与人类小梁骨的压缩性能非常接近,强调了它们作为承载生物植入物的适用性。这种LCD 3D打印方法为生物陶瓷制造提供了多功能性,精度和成本效益,将这些材料定位为未来生物医学设备的有前途的候选者,其中机械性能和生物相容性至关重要。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
26.00
自引率
21.40%
发文量
185
期刊介绍: Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials is a leading international journal that promotes interdisciplinary collaboration among materials scientists, engineers, chemists, biologists, and physicists working on composites, including nanocomposites. Our aim is to facilitate rapid scientific communication in this field. The journal publishes high-quality research on various aspects of composite materials, including materials design, surface and interface science/engineering, manufacturing, structure control, property design, device fabrication, and other applications. We also welcome simulation and modeling studies that are relevant to composites. Additionally, papers focusing on the relationship between fillers and the matrix are of particular interest. Our scope includes polymer, metal, and ceramic matrices, with a special emphasis on reviews and meta-analyses related to materials selection. We cover a wide range of topics, including transport properties, strategies for controlling interfaces and composition distribution, bottom-up assembly of nanocomposites, highly porous and high-density composites, electronic structure design, materials synergisms, and thermoelectric materials. Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials follows a rigorous single-blind peer-review process to ensure the quality and integrity of the published work.
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