Non-antiviral therapies for viral infections: Harnessing host mechanisms

IF 4.8 2区医学 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY

International immunopharmacology Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2025.114521

Sruthi Sarvepalli , Shubhadeepthi Vadarevu

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Abstract

Despite advancements in the field of directly acting anti-viral (DAA) therapies, viral infections still continue to pose significant global health challenges. The efficacy of DAAs are often hindered by mutations, origin of new strains, development of resistance and lack of broad spectrum effectiveness. Furthermore, patients with advanced-stage diseases may require higher doses and combinations of different DAA therapies, raising concerns about tolerability and safety. To overcome all these constraints, non-antiviral therapies that focuses on host mechanisms (also known as host-focused therapies) are emerging as an innovative approach. Host focused therapy aims to target the host molecules and pathways that are essential for viral infection and disease progression. Along with addressing the above mentioned challenges, these host focused therapies can also modulate excessive inflammatory responses. Recent advancements in understanding host-virus interactions and the pathways involved in the pathogenesis of severe viral infections from viral entry and replication to disease progression, have accelerated the development of host-focused therapies aimed at combating these infections. This review explores the growing rationale and various opportunities for host-focused therapies for severe viral infections including zika virus, dengue, HIV, influenza, and covid-19 to name a few. In addition, current clinical trial information on various classes of host focused therapies are presented, highlighting their therapeutic potential and significance in the field.

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来源期刊

International immunopharmacology 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

8.40

自引率

3.60%

发文量

935

审稿时长

53 days

期刊介绍： International Immunopharmacology is the primary vehicle for the publication of original research papers pertinent to the overlapping areas of immunology, pharmacology, cytokine biology, immunotherapy, immunopathology and immunotoxicology. Review articles that encompass these subjects are also welcome. The subject material appropriate for submission includes: • Clinical studies employing immunotherapy of any type including the use of: bacterial and chemical agents; thymic hormones, interferon, lymphokines, etc., in transplantation and diseases such as cancer, immunodeficiency, chronic infection and allergic, inflammatory or autoimmune disorders. • Studies on the mechanisms of action of these agents for specific parameters of immune competence as well as the overall clinical state. • Pre-clinical animal studies and in vitro studies on mechanisms of action with immunopotentiators, immunomodulators, immunoadjuvants and other pharmacological agents active on cells participating in immune or allergic responses. • Pharmacological compounds, microbial products and toxicological agents that affect the lymphoid system, and their mechanisms of action. • Agents that activate genes or modify transcription and translation within the immune response. • Substances activated, generated, or released through immunologic or related pathways that are pharmacologically active. • Production, function and regulation of cytokines and their receptors. • Classical pharmacological studies on the effects of chemokines and bioactive factors released during immunological reactions.