Individual, Institutional, and Community-Level Determinants of Professional License Exam Outcome

IF 1.7 4区社会学 Q1 SOCIAL WORK

Research on Social Work Practice Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI:10.1177/10497315251329521

Joy J. Kim, Michael M. Joo

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives: This study reviews the extent and determinants of racial disparities in licensing exam outcomes in regulated professions to contextualize the disparities in social work. Methods: It reviews the empirical literature of ten regulated professions, discussing individual, institutional, and community-level determinants of exam outcomes. Results: All 10 reviewed professions report significant racial disparities in exam outcomes. The groups more likely to pass licensing exams include examinees who (a) are younger, maintain high GPAs, excel on admission tests, promptly take exams, and dedicate ample study time; (b) attend institutions with selective admissions, strong faculty, and well-resourced programs; and (c) reside in socioeconomically integrated communities. Although historically marginalized groups face greater adverse impacts from individual, institutional, and community factors, the net effect of race on exam passage diminishes when these adverse effects are controlled for. Conclusions: The social work profession needs similar evidence on its licensing exam disparities to inform effective interventions.

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个人、机构和社区层面的专业执照考试结果的决定因素

目的：本研究回顾了受监管职业执照考试结果中种族差异的程度和决定因素，以将社会工作中的差异置于背景中。方法：回顾了十个受监管职业的实证文献，讨论了个人、机构和社区层面的考试结果决定因素。结果：所有10个被审查的职业在考试结果中都报告了显著的种族差异。更有可能通过执照考试的群体包括：(1)年龄较小、gpa较高、在入学考试中表现优异、及时参加考试、投入充足的学习时间；(b)参加有选择性招生、师资力量强大、项目资源充足的院校；(c)居住在社会经济一体化的社区。尽管历史上被边缘化的群体面临着来自个人、制度和社区因素的更大不利影响，但当这些不利影响得到控制时，种族对考试通过的净影响就会减弱。结论：社会工作专业需要类似的证据证明其执照考试差异，以告知有效的干预措施。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Research on Social Work Practice SOCIAL WORK-

CiteScore

3.50

自引率

11.10%

发文量

105

期刊介绍： Research on Social Work Practice, sponsored by the Society for Social Work and Research, is a disciplinary journal devoted to the publication of empirical research concerning the methods and outcomes of social work practice. Social work practice is broadly interpreted to refer to the application of intentionally designed social work intervention programs to problems of societal and/or interpersonal importance, including behavior analysis or psychotherapy involving individuals; case management; practice involving couples, families, and small groups; community practice education; and the development, implementation, and evaluation of social policies.