Assessment of Physical Fitness Following a 12-Week Physical Exercise Program Among Adults Attending Wellness Centers at the Primary Health Care Corporation, Qatar: A Retrospective Study.

IF 1 Q3 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL
Cureus Pub Date : 2025-03-24 eCollection Date: 2025-03-01 DOI:10.7759/cureus.81096
Anees A Alyafei, Aysha H Hussein, Hind Daoud Abdel Haleem AlDaoud, Stephanie E Escarmoso, Sara Tariq Al Abdulla
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Abstract

Background Physical fitness (PF) is a critical determinant of health, influencing cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, and overall metabolic function. In Qatar, sedentary lifestyles and physical inactivity are prevalent, contributing to increasing rates of obesity and non-communicable diseases. Structured physical exercise programs, integrated into community wellness centers, offer a practical intervention to improve PF, yet their real-world effectiveness remains under-evaluated in the local context. Methods This retrospective study analyzed data from 739 adults who completed a 12-week structured physical exercise program at seven wellness centers operated by Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Qatar, between January 2022 and December 2023. The program consisted of three weekly supervised sessions combining aerobic and resistance exercises, with heart rate monitored to maintain moderate intensity (≥70% of maximum heart rate). Pre- and post-program assessments measured VO2 max (using the Cooper 12-minute test), muscular endurance (push-ups, wall sit, plank), and anthropometric data of weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and fat mass. Paired t-tests assessed changes in the means before and after the physical exercise program, and correlation analysis explored relationships between fitness improvements and demographic or anthropometric factors. Results After 12 weeks, VO2 max increased significantly (mean difference = 2.47 mL/kg/min; p < 0.001), alongside improvements in muscular endurance (push-ups: +4 reps; wall sit: +18 seconds; plank: +16.77 seconds; all p < 0.001). Significant reductions were observed in weight (-0.95 kg), BMI (-0.27 kg/m²), WC (men: -0.99 cm; women: -2.34 cm), and fat mass (-1.42 kg) (p < 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed a weak negative correlation between age and VO2 max change (r = 0.061), indicating that younger participants tended to show more remarkable aerobic improvement. Higher BMI and fat mass also correlated negatively with VO2 max gains (r = -0.094 and r = -0.083, respectively). At the same time, gender showed minimal correlation with fitness changes, suggesting that baseline body composition and age influence exercise response more than sex. Conclusion The structured 12-week exercise program significantly improved PF among adults in community wellness settings. These findings support integrating exercise prescriptions into primary care, to enhance population-level fitness and prevent chronic disease in Qatar.

在卡塔尔初级卫生保健公司健康中心参加12周体育锻炼计划的成年人身体健康评估:一项回顾性研究。
身体健康(PF)是健康的关键决定因素,影响心肺耐力、肌肉力量和整体代谢功能。在卡塔尔,久坐不动的生活方式和缺乏身体活动很普遍,导致肥胖症和非传染性疾病的发病率不断上升。有组织的体育锻炼项目,整合到社区健康中心,为改善PF提供了实际的干预措施,然而,在当地环境下,它们的实际效果仍未得到充分评估。这项回顾性研究分析了739名成年人的数据,这些成年人在2022年1月至2023年12月期间在卡塔尔初级卫生保健公司(PHCC)运营的七个健康中心完成了为期12周的结构化体育锻炼项目。该计划包括每周三次有氧和阻力训练相结合的监督训练,监测心率以保持中等强度(≥最大心率的70%)。项目前和项目后的评估测量了最大摄氧量(使用库珀12分钟测试)、肌肉耐力(俯卧撑、墙坐、平板支撑)和体重、身体质量指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)和脂肪量的人体测量数据。配对t检验评估了体育锻炼计划前后均数的变化,相关分析探讨了健康改善与人口统计学或人体测量学因素之间的关系。结果12周后VO2 max显著升高(平均差异为2.47 mL/kg/min;P < 0.001),同时肌肉耐力也有所提高(俯卧撑:+4次;坐墙:+18秒;平板支撑:+16.77秒;均p < 0.001)。体重(-0.95 kg)、BMI (-0.27 kg/m²)、腰围(男性:-0.99 cm;女性:-2.34 cm),脂肪量(-1.42 kg) (p < 0.001)。相关分析显示年龄与VO2 max变化呈弱负相关(r = 0.061),表明年龄越小的参与者有氧改善越显著。较高的BMI和脂肪量也与最大摄氧量的增加呈负相关(r = -0.094和r = -0.083)。与此同时,性别与健康变化的相关性很小,这表明基线身体成分和年龄对运动反应的影响大于性别。结论:有组织的12周运动计划显著改善了社区健康环境中成年人的PF。这些发现支持将运动处方纳入初级保健,以提高卡塔尔人口水平的健康水平并预防慢性疾病。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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