Primary aldosteronism: Screening, diagnosis, and management.

Abstract

Abstract: Hypertension (HTN) is a common condition that physician associates (PAs) encounter in clinical practice. Of patients with HTN, about 10% have secondary HTN, of which primary aldosteronism is one of the most common causes. Primary aldosteronism is a condition in which the adrenal glands produce excess aldosterone, and it contributes to HTN development by inducing sodium and water retention. Primary aldosteronism is underdiagnosed, as it can be hard to identify due to its lack of specific signs and symptoms. Moreover, without proper treatment, patients are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and lower quality of life. It is therefore critical for PAs to be aware of indicators for primary aldosteronism screening. This review discusses primary aldosteronism screening and treatment in primary care while highlighting appropriate specialist referral.