Case report: Endolymphatic system disease in elasmobranchs: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.

IF 2.6 2区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES
Frontiers in Veterinary Science Pub Date : 2025-03-10 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fvets.2024.1463428
Whitney Greene, Nuno Pereira, Bethany Doescher, Carlos Rojo-Solis, Hugo David, Ricardo Faustino, David Reese, Ryan De Voe, Ed Latson, Natalie Mylniczenko
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The inner ear is an often overlooked system in elasmobranchs with few documented reports of disease or other abnormalities in the literature. Similar to terrestrial vertebrates, it is located in the cranium, and there are multiple components to the ear of elasmobranchs including a pair of membranous labyrinths each with three semicircular canals and four chambers or end organs (the saccule, the lagena, the utricle and the macula neglecta) making up the endolymphatic system (ELS). There is species variability among the inner ear anatomy of elasmobranchs, and this may play a role in disease development, progression, and treatment outcomes. Also similar to terrestrial vertebrates, this system plays a key role in hearing, acceleration, and orientation. When affected, clinical signs may include localized areas of swelling or stoma development along the dorsal midline of the head at the endolymphatic pores, atypical swimming behaviors consistent with vestibular disease (spiraling/spinning or barrel rolling, or tilting to one side), and anorexia. Less frequently, the eyes may also be affected and present with exophthalmia, hyphema, and/or panophthalmitis. Herein are case series from five institutions representing a variety of elasmobranch species affected with ELS disease with discussion of anatomy, clinical presentation, diagnostics, etiology, treatment, and outcomes. Endolymphatic disease may be clinically underdiagnosed in elasmobranchs and mistaken for other diseases such as superficial subcutaneous or subdermal abscesses, focal dermatitis, or neuropathies presumed to not be associated with the inner ear system. In addition, disease may be occult for a long period of time prior to overt manifestation of signs or chronic with waxing and waning clinical signs, likely because of anatomy and resultant treatment challenges. Awareness and additional research may help to promote timely identification, improve diagnostic and treatment options, and help to optimize individual animal welfare.

病例报告:弹性分支内淋巴系统疾病:临床表现、诊断和治疗策略。
内耳是一种经常被忽视的系统,很少有文献报道的疾病或其他异常。与陆生脊椎动物相似,它位于头盖骨内,有多个组成部分,包括一对膜状迷路,每个迷路都有三个半规管和四个腔室或末端器官(球囊、lagena、耳室和忽略黄斑),构成内淋巴系统(ELS)。板鳃动物的内耳解剖结构存在物种差异,这可能在疾病的发生、进展和治疗结果中发挥作用。与陆地脊椎动物相似,这个系统在听力、加速和方向方面起着关键作用。当受到影响时,临床症状可能包括沿头部背中线内淋巴孔的局部肿胀或气孔发育,与前庭疾病相符的非典型游泳行为(螺旋/旋转或桶状滚动,或向一侧倾斜),以及厌食。少数情况下,眼睛也可能受到影响,并表现为突出眼、前房积血和/或全眼炎。以下是来自5个机构的病例系列,代表了各种受ELS疾病影响的elasmobranch物种,并讨论了解剖学、临床表现、诊断、病因、治疗和结果。内淋巴疾病在临床上可能被误诊,并被误认为其他疾病,如浅表皮下或真皮下脓肿、局灶性皮炎或被认为与内耳系统无关的神经病变。此外,疾病可能在明显表现体征之前潜伏很长一段时间,或慢性伴有临床症状的时断时续,可能是因为解剖和由此产生的治疗挑战。意识和额外的研究可能有助于促进及时识别,改进诊断和治疗方案,并有助于优化个体动物福利。
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来源期刊
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Frontiers in Veterinary Science Veterinary-General Veterinary
CiteScore
4.80
自引率
9.40%
发文量
1870
审稿时长
14 weeks
期刊介绍: Frontiers in Veterinary Science is a global, peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that bridges animal and human health, brings a comparative approach to medical and surgical challenges, and advances innovative biotechnology and therapy. Veterinary research today is interdisciplinary, collaborative, and socially relevant, transforming how we understand and investigate animal health and disease. Fundamental research in emerging infectious diseases, predictive genomics, stem cell therapy, and translational modelling is grounded within the integrative social context of public and environmental health, wildlife conservation, novel biomarkers, societal well-being, and cutting-edge clinical practice and specialization. Frontiers in Veterinary Science brings a 21st-century approach—networked, collaborative, and Open Access—to communicate this progress and innovation to both the specialist and to the wider audience of readers in the field. Frontiers in Veterinary Science publishes articles on outstanding discoveries across a wide spectrum of translational, foundational, and clinical research. The journal''s mission is to bring all relevant veterinary sciences together on a single platform with the goal of improving animal and human health.
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