Association between myopia and refined carbohydrate consumption: A cross-sectional study from the Constances cohort

IF 2.9 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Clinical nutrition ESPEN Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI:10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.03.033

Claire Berticat , Elisa Venturini , Vincent Daien , Marcel Goldberg , Marie Zins , Michel Raymond

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background & aims

The effects of refined carbohydrate consumption on the prevalence of myopia have been little studied. The aim of this study is to explore the potential link between this consumption and myopia in individuals aged 40 or under in the population-based Constances cohort, in conjunction with other known risk and confounding factors.

Methods

The association between the probability of myopia in at least one eye and refined carbohydrate consumption was tested for 5271 participants, aged 40 or younger, in conjunction with education level, physical activity, energy intake, age, sex, fasting blood glucose, Body Mass Index (BMI), and Mediterranean diet quality. Refined carbohydrate intake was estimated by glycemic load. Myopia was assessed by the Monoyer score. Significant sex interactions led to stratified analysis by sex.

Results

The risk of myopia was significantly increased for men with refined carbohydrate consumption (p = 0.012, Odd Ratio (OR) = 1.12, Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.02–1.22) but not for women (p = 0.657, OR = 1.02, CI = 0.94–1.10). Some previously identified myopia risk factors were concurrently observed: a higher level of education increased the probability of myopia in both sexes (men p < 10⁻¹¹, OR = 1.36, CI = 1.24–1.49; women p = < 10⁻⁴, OR = 1.19, CI = 1.09–1.28), while a higher level of physical activity might be protective in men (p = 0.08, OR = 0.93, CI = 0.85–1.01).

Conclusion

This research reveals how high refined carbohydrate consumption might influence myopia and confirms recent studies on its risk factors. It also highlights significant sex differences in the prevalence and factors associated with myopia, emphasizing that modifiable risk factors, crucial for public health initiatives, may vary between men and women.

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近视与精制碳水化合物摄入之间的关系：来自康斯坦斯队列的横断面研究。

背景与目的：精制碳水化合物摄入对近视患病率的影响研究甚少。本研究的目的是在以人群为基础的康斯坦斯队列中，结合其他已知的风险和混杂因素，探索这种消费与40岁或以下个体近视之间的潜在联系。方法：对5271名年龄在40岁或以下的参与者进行了至少一只眼睛近视的概率与精制碳水化合物消耗之间的关系测试，并结合教育水平、体育活动、能量摄入、年龄、性别、空腹血糖、体重指数（BMI）和地中海饮食质量。通过血糖负荷估算精制碳水化合物的摄入量。用Monoyer评分评估近视程度。显著的性别相互作用导致性别分层分析。结果：食用精制碳水化合物显著增加了男性患近视的风险(p = 0.012，奇数比（OR) = 1.12，置信区间(CI) = 1.02-1.22），但对女性无显著影响（p = 0.657, OR = 1.02, CI = 0.94-1.10）。一些先前确定的近视危险因素同时被观察到：较高的教育水平增加了男女近视的概率(男性p < 10-11， OR= 1.36, CI = 1.24-1.49；女性p = < 10-4, OR = 1.19, CI = 1.09-1.28)，而较高水平的体育锻炼可能对男性有保护作用（p = 0.08, OR = 0.93, CI = 0.85-1.01）。结论：本研究揭示了高精制碳水化合物摄入对近视的影响，并证实了最近关于近视危险因素的研究。报告还强调了近视患病率和与近视相关因素的显著性别差异，强调对公共卫生举措至关重要的可改变的风险因素在男女之间可能有所不同。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical nutrition ESPEN NUTRITION & DIETETICS-

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

3.30%

发文量

512

期刊介绍： Clinical Nutrition ESPEN is an electronic-only journal and is an official publication of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN). Nutrition and nutritional care have gained wide clinical and scientific interest during the past decades. The increasing knowledge of metabolic disturbances and nutritional assessment in chronic and acute diseases has stimulated rapid advances in design, development and clinical application of nutritional support. The aims of ESPEN are to encourage the rapid diffusion of knowledge and its application in the field of clinical nutrition and metabolism. Published bimonthly, Clinical Nutrition ESPEN focuses on publishing articles on the relationship between nutrition and disease in the setting of basic science and clinical practice. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN is available to all members of ESPEN and to all subscribers of Clinical Nutrition.