Yang Zhou, Guofeng Wang, Li Liu, Jie Yu, Shiying Ju
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Purpose: Sex hormones are closely linked to inflammation and lipid metabolism. This study explores the correlation of residual cholesterol risk and residual inflammation risk with sex hormones.
Materials and methods: Logistic regression and dose-response curve analyses were conducted to examine the associations of total testosterone (TT), Sex Hormone Binding Protein (SHBG), Estradiol (E2), and Free testosterone (FT) with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high sensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Testosterone deficiency, defined as TT below 300 ng/dL, was analyzed across various subgroups based on LDL-C and hs-CRP levels. Grouped by LDL-C and hs-CRP: normal, LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L, hs-CRP < 3mg/L, residual cholesterol risk only (RCR): LDL-C ≥ 2.6 mmol/L, hs-CRP < 3mg/L, residual inflammation risk only (RIR): LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L. hs-CRP ≥ 3mg/L, both risk (BR): LDL-C ≥ 2.6 mmol/L, hs-CRP ≥ 3mg/L.
Results: The results indicated a negative association between hs-CRP and TT (β = -1.98, 95% CI [-3.54, -0.42], p = 0.013), as well as FT (β = -0.04, 95% CI [-0.07, -0.02], p = 0.0002). Similar trends were observed for the relationship between hs-CRP and SHBG (β = -3.61, 95% CI [-5.33, -1.90], p = 0.0003). In the presence of both risk factors (BR), TT decreased most significantly (β = -79.37, 95% CI [-112.74, -46.00], p < 0.0001), as did FT in the same subgroup (β = -1.00, 95% CI [-1.61, -0.40], p = 0.0012). Notably, hs-CRP exhibited a non-linear correlation with TT, SHBG, and FT, with distinct inflection points. Furthermore, in diabetic patients, hs-CRP was positively linked to E2 (β = 0.39, 95% CI [0.03, 0.74], p = 0.0328).
Conclusions: LDL-C was independently correlated with SHBG, hs-CRP with TT and FT, and the BR population had a higher risk of testosterone deficiency. Special populations with diabetes and hypertension need to be concerned about residual cholesterol risk and inflammatory risk.
期刊介绍：
Frontiers in Endocrinology is a field journal of the "Frontiers in" journal series.
In today’s world, endocrinology is becoming increasingly important as it underlies many of the challenges societies face - from obesity and diabetes to reproduction, population control and aging. Endocrinology covers a broad field from basic molecular and cellular communication through to clinical care and some of the most crucial public health issues. The journal, thus, welcomes outstanding contributions in any domain of endocrinology.
Frontiers in Endocrinology publishes articles on the most outstanding discoveries across a wide research spectrum of Endocrinology. The mission of Frontiers in Endocrinology is to bring all relevant Endocrinology areas together on a single platform.
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