Neoantigen Vaccines in Cancer Prevention.

IF 2.6 4区 医学 Q3 ONCOLOGY
Cancer journal Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-27 DOI:10.1097/PPO.0000000000000763
Abel Martel-Martel, Krishna M Sinha, Eduardo Vilar
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have established neoantigen-based vaccines as a promising approach to cancer prevention. Unlike tumor-associated antigens, neoantigens originate exclusively from somatic mutations, thus enabling tumor-specific targeting without harm to normal tissues. This distinctive feature promotes robust immune responses while reducing the risk of autoimmune side effects. Developing standardized "off-the-shelf" vaccines targeting shared neoantigens offers a scalable strategy for cancer prevention, particularly benefitting genetically predisposed high-risk populations. These vaccines can be administered to high-risk individuals before malignant transformation to potentially intercept cancer development through early immune activation. Advances in next-generation sequencing and computational biology have increased the accuracy of neoantigen prediction, while advances in vaccine delivery platforms have boosted vaccine efficacy. The integration of neoantigen-based vaccines with immune checkpoint inhibitors, immune stimulants, and classic chemopreventive agents has a synergistic potential to improve cellular immunity. This review examines biological mechanisms, clinical development, and future directions of neoantigen-based vaccines in cancer prevention, emphasizing their clinical potential to revolutionize risk-reduction strategies.

预防癌症的新抗原疫苗
癌症免疫治疗的最新进展已经建立了基于新抗原的疫苗作为一种有希望的癌症预防方法。与肿瘤相关抗原不同,新抗原完全源自体细胞突变,因此能够在不损害正常组织的情况下靶向肿瘤。这一独特的特征促进了强大的免疫反应,同时降低了自身免疫副作用的风险。开发针对共享新抗原的标准化“现成”疫苗为癌症预防提供了一种可扩展的策略,尤其有利于遗传易感的高危人群。这些疫苗可以在恶性转化之前施用于高危个体,通过早期免疫激活有可能阻断癌症的发展。下一代测序和计算生物学的进步提高了新抗原预测的准确性,而疫苗递送平台的进步提高了疫苗的效力。基于新抗原的疫苗与免疫检查点抑制剂、免疫刺激剂和经典化学预防剂的整合具有提高细胞免疫的协同潜力。本文综述了基于新抗原的癌症预防疫苗的生物学机制、临床发展和未来发展方向,强调了它们在降低风险策略方面的革命性临床潜力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Cancer journal
Cancer journal 医学-肿瘤学
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
0.00%
发文量
102
审稿时长
7.5 months
期刊介绍: The Cancer Journal: The Journal of Principles & Practice of Oncology provides an integrated view of modern oncology across all disciplines. The Journal publishes original research and reviews, and keeps readers current on content published in the book Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology.
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