ReactorAFM/STM - dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure.

IF 2.6 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology Pub Date : 2025-03-21 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.3762/bjnano.16.30
Tycho Roorda, Hamed Achour, Matthijs A van Spronsen, Marta E Cañas-Ventura, Sander B Roobol, Willem Onderwaater, Mirthe Bergman, Peter van der Tuijn, Gertjan van Baarle, Johan W Bakker, Joost W M Frenken, Irene M N Groot
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Previous work has shown the ReactorSTM and ReactorAFM, capable of studying materials under industrially relevant conditions. Here we show current developments of the ReactorAFM/STM, implementing a qPlus sensor to add the ability of combining atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) techniques to study the geometric and electronic structure of materials under reaction conditions. We demonstrate this by imaging a Pd(100) single crystal at 450 K with combined AFM/STM. The surface is compared under ultrahigh vacuum and under 0.5 bar O2 pressure showing a notable increase in RMS current, which we attribute to oxidation. Also, we study cobalt nanoparticle catalysts on an aluminum oxide support, industrially relevant in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The catalysts are imaged before and after reaction at 430 K as the current maximum temperature of the qPlus sensor used falls just below the reaction temperature. Quadrupole mass spectrometry data show the reaction taking place by monitoring product gases during heating and cooling of the sample under CO and H2 gas pressures of 2 bar. The monitored gases include H2O as byproduct and the hydrocarbons ethane (m/z = 30), propane (m/z = 44), and hexane (m/z = 86), which all show increases in counts while between 490 and 550 K. The added ability to scan various surfaces with combined AFM/STM while monitoring the reaction products demonstrates the versatility offered by the ReactorAFM/STM to study catalysts under realistic industrial conditions.

反应器afm /STM -在高温和常压下表面上的动态反应。
之前的工作表明,反应器stm和反应器afm能够在工业相关条件下研究材料。在这里,我们展示了反应器AFM/STM的最新发展,实现了qPlus传感器,增加了原子力显微镜(AFM)和扫描隧道显微镜(STM)技术相结合的能力,以研究反应条件下材料的几何和电子结构。我们通过联合AFM/STM在450 K下成像Pd(100)单晶来证明这一点。将表面在超高真空和0.5 bar O2压力下进行比较,发现RMS电流显著增加,我们将其归因于氧化。此外,我们还研究了氧化铝载体上的钴纳米颗粒催化剂,这与费托合成的工业相关。由于qPlus传感器的电流最高温度刚好低于反应温度,因此在430 K下对反应前后的催化剂进行了成像。四极杆质谱数据显示,在CO和H2气体压力为2 bar的情况下,对样品加热和冷却过程中的产物气体进行了监测。监测的气体包括作为副产物的H2O和碳氢化合物乙烷(m/z = 30)、丙烷(m/z = 44)和己烷(m/z = 86),它们的计数在490至550 K之间都有所增加。在监测反应产物的同时,结合AFM/STM可以扫描各种表面,这证明了反应器AFM/STM在实际工业条件下研究催化剂的多功能性。
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来源期刊
Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology
Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY-MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
CiteScore
5.70
自引率
3.20%
发文量
109
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: The Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology is an international, peer-reviewed, Open Access journal. It provides a unique platform for rapid publication without any charges (free for author and reader) – Platinum Open Access. The content is freely accessible 365 days a year to any user worldwide. Articles are available online immediately upon publication and are publicly archived in all major repositories. In addition, it provides a platform for publishing thematic issues (theme-based collections of articles) on topical issues in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The journal is published and completely funded by the Beilstein-Institut, a non-profit foundation located in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. The editor-in-chief is Professor Thomas Schimmel – Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. He is supported by more than 20 associate editors who are responsible for a particular subject area within the scope of the journal.
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