Tyr1497 in the BRG1 Bromodomain of the SWI/SNF Complex is Critical for the Binding and Function of a Selective BRG1 Inhibitor

Abstract

BRG1 and BRM are subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodelling complex, which has DNA-stimulated ATPase activity and can destabilise histone–DNA interactions. Targeting SWI/SNF is beneficial for treating various tumours, including glioblastoma (GBM). Our research focussed on BRG1 due to its overexpression in GBM. We developed IV-255, a selective bromodomain (BRD) inhibitor that binds to BRG1 but not BRM. IV-255 sensitised GBM cells to temozolomide (TMZ), the standard GBM treatment. We identified the binding site of IV-255 within the BRG1 BRD and found that the Tyr1497 residue is crucial for IV-255's effect on TMZ-induced GBM cell death, while Asn1540 is not. Structural analyses confirmed that Tyr1497 is involved in the IV-255 binding pocket. Mechanistically, IV-255 increases γH2AX staining in GBM cell nuclei in response to TMZ, indicating an impaired DNA double-strand break response dependent on Tyr1497. IV-255 also sensitised GBM cells to TMZ-induced apoptosis, as shown by PARP and caspase-3 cleavage, which also requires Tyr1497. In conclusion, Tyr1497 within the BRD of BRG1 is critical for its interaction with IV-255 and for sensitising GBM cells to TMZ-induced DNA double-strand breaks and apoptotic cell death.