N. A. Wahab, S. A. Kamil, S. B. R. S. Adnan, N. A. Dzulkurnain, N. A. Mustaffa
{"title":"Magnesium titanium phosphate ceramic electrolytes: structural, electrical and electrochemical properties","authors":"N. A. Wahab, S. A. Kamil, S. B. R. S. Adnan, N. A. Dzulkurnain, N. A. Mustaffa","doi":"10.1007/s10971-025-06691-y","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There has been significant research interest in Magnesium-ion Batteries for the last few years due to their potential in energy storage devices mainly focusing on all solid-state batteries. Herein, Mg<sub>0.5</sub>Ti<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> was synthesized using sol–gel method and the structural, electrical and electrochemical properties of the sample were studied. The structure of the samples was analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements. Rietveld Refinement analysis confirmed the formation of rhombohedral structured of R3c space group with minor traces of TiP<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> impurity for the sample sintered at temperatures 700 °C, 750 °C, 800 °C, 850 °C, 900 °C and 950 °C for 24 h. FTIR spectroscopy measurement showed a range from existing of the bands belong to the inorganic compound in the sample. The compound sintered at temperature 850 °C has been selected as the best sintering temperature based on the result from Rietveld Refinement analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy and EDX analysis. Hence, the selected sample was conducted for measuring electrical and electrochemical properties of the sample. Impedance spectroscopy indicated the rise of total conductivity at high temperature which is 2.63 × 10<sup>−7</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup> compared to the total conductivity at room temperature. The activation energy require for ion conduction is Ea = 0.70 eV. The highest conducting sample was taken for linear sweep voltammetry analysis and the sample was electrochemically stable up to 1.5 V. Lastly, the ionic transference number value of the sample was 0.97. These findings indicate that Mg<sub>0.5</sub>Ti<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> could serve as an effective electrolyte in all-solid-state battery batteries.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":664,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","volume":"114 JSST 30th Anniversary","pages":"274 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10971-025-06691-y","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, CERAMICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
There has been significant research interest in Magnesium-ion Batteries for the last few years due to their potential in energy storage devices mainly focusing on all solid-state batteries. Herein, Mg0.5Ti2(PO4)3 was synthesized using sol–gel method and the structural, electrical and electrochemical properties of the sample were studied. The structure of the samples was analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements. Rietveld Refinement analysis confirmed the formation of rhombohedral structured of R3c space group with minor traces of TiP2O7 impurity for the sample sintered at temperatures 700 °C, 750 °C, 800 °C, 850 °C, 900 °C and 950 °C for 24 h. FTIR spectroscopy measurement showed a range from existing of the bands belong to the inorganic compound in the sample. The compound sintered at temperature 850 °C has been selected as the best sintering temperature based on the result from Rietveld Refinement analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy and EDX analysis. Hence, the selected sample was conducted for measuring electrical and electrochemical properties of the sample. Impedance spectroscopy indicated the rise of total conductivity at high temperature which is 2.63 × 10−7 S cm−1 compared to the total conductivity at room temperature. The activation energy require for ion conduction is Ea = 0.70 eV. The highest conducting sample was taken for linear sweep voltammetry analysis and the sample was electrochemically stable up to 1.5 V. Lastly, the ionic transference number value of the sample was 0.97. These findings indicate that Mg0.5Ti2(PO4)3 could serve as an effective electrolyte in all-solid-state battery batteries.
期刊介绍：
The primary objective of the Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology (JSST), the official journal of the International Sol-Gel Society, is to provide an international forum for the dissemination of scientific, technological, and general knowledge about materials processed by chemical nanotechnologies known as the "sol-gel" process. The materials of interest include gels, gel-derived glasses, ceramics in form of nano- and micro-powders, bulk, fibres, thin films and coatings as well as more recent materials such as hybrid organic-inorganic materials and composites. Such materials exhibit a wide range of optical, electronic, magnetic, chemical, environmental, and biomedical properties and functionalities. Methods for producing sol-gel-derived materials and the industrial uses of these materials are also of great interest.
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