Improving SNR for NLoS Target Detection Using Multi-RIS-Assisted Monostatic Radar

Abstract

The use of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) in radar systems significantly enhances target detection, particularly in challenging non-line-of-sight (NLoS) scenarios. In urban environments, where structures frequently obstruct line-of-sight (LoS) paths, the integration of RISs with existing radars can offer a viable solution for enhancing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and improving target detection. Approaches utilizing a single RIS can still fail in scenarios where a link cannot be established. This paper presents a novel approach for deriving a comprehensive expression for the received power, SNR and path loss (PL) in systems where multiple RISs assist a monostatic radar. We analyze the power received in dual RIS configurations and extend this to include additional RISs, demonstrating how each additional RIS placement affects the system's performance. Moreover, the analysis explores the impact of different Swerling target models on the SNR and PL, highlighting the optimal angles for target detection. This multi-RIS strategy offers a substantial performance boost over conventional radars and single RIS-assisted systems, particularly in environments with obstacles. Simulation results demonstrate a significant improvement in SNR with a dual RIS-assisted radar, with up to 14.42 dB gains observed when employing a $46 \times 46$ element RIS configuration at L-band and 65.47 dB gain when employing a $328 \times 328$ element RIS configuration at X-band, corresponding to a RIS size of $ 5\text{ m} \times 5\text{ m}$ at both frequencies, showing the efficacy of the proposed multi-RIS strategy.