José Javier Jiménez-Albarral , Daniel García , Marcos Miñarro
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Damage and consumption of crops by vertebrates represent a significant source of conflict between humans and wildlife. This is particularly relevant in the context of small-fruit crops, such as blueberries, which are highly conspicuous, small-sized, and situated close to the ground, allowing a wide range of vertebrate species to swallow them whole and in large quantities. In the present study, we assessed the patterns of blueberry consumption by birds and mammals, and the effect of consumption on crop yield, in blueberry orchards in northern Spain. To this end, we characterised the fruit-eating vertebrate community through direct observation and camera traps in blueberry orchards, and conducted exclusion experiments in blueberry cultivars that ripen at different dates. The study was conducted in eight orchards over two consecutive years. We recorded 14 bird species and four mammal species consuming blueberries, with common blackbird (Turdus merula L.) and wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) accounting for more than 80 % of consumption events. Whereas frugivory by blackbirds was observed across orchards and cultivars, blueberry foraging by wild boar was highly localised. The exclusion experiments evidenced a negative impact of vertebrate frugivory on blueberry production. However, this impact was not homogeneous across sites, ranging from no impact to 74 % of yield loss. Similarly, vertebrate impact depended on the cultivar, with the early ripening cultivar being more susceptible to yield losses than late ripening cultivars. Further research is needed to ascertain what extrinsic (orchard and landscape structure) and intrinsic (abundance and physiological requirements of vertebrates) factors are responsible for the observed variability in yield loss across sites and cultivars. In terms of management, we recommend to prioritise bird deterrent methods to minimise the negative impact of vertebrates.
期刊介绍:
The Editors of Crop Protection especially welcome papers describing an interdisciplinary approach showing how different control strategies can be integrated into practical pest management programs, covering high and low input agricultural systems worldwide. Crop Protection particularly emphasizes the practical aspects of control in the field and for protected crops, and includes work which may lead in the near future to more effective control. The journal does not duplicate the many existing excellent biological science journals, which deal mainly with the more fundamental aspects of plant pathology, applied zoology and weed science. Crop Protection covers all practical aspects of pest, disease and weed control, including the following topics:
-Abiotic damage-
Agronomic control methods-
Assessment of pest and disease damage-
Molecular methods for the detection and assessment of pests and diseases-
Biological control-
Biorational pesticides-
Control of animal pests of world crops-
Control of diseases of crop plants caused by microorganisms-
Control of weeds and integrated management-
Economic considerations-
Effects of plant growth regulators-
Environmental benefits of reduced pesticide use-
Environmental effects of pesticides-
Epidemiology of pests and diseases in relation to control-
GM Crops, and genetic engineering applications-
Importance and control of postharvest crop losses-
Integrated control-
Interrelationships and compatibility among different control strategies-
Invasive species as they relate to implications for crop protection-
Pesticide application methods-
Pest management-
Phytobiomes for pest and disease control-
Resistance management-
Sampling and monitoring schemes for diseases, nematodes, pests and weeds.