Unraveling the reproductive potential of selected flavonoids in Biden pilosa: A comprehensive review

Abstract

Bidens pilosa is a medicinal plant that has gained lots of attention for its potential use in treating various health conditions including reproductive disorders. This narrative review assessed the effectiveness and safety of Bidens pilosa in addressing reproductive conditions. A review of relevant scientific literature was conducted; the review identified evidence for Biden pilosa's potential to improve sperm health in men and regulation of menstrual cycles in women. The flavonoids contained in Bidens pilosa include astragalene, squalene, luteolin, and quercetin; these flavonoids act as antioxidant by scavenging free radicals and reducing reactive oxygen species level to protect the integrity of cell membrane or spermatogenic cell membrane. They also exhibit anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, through reduction of the expression of inflammatory genes such as Inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. The reduction can prevent production of toxic nitric oxide, mitigating damage to testicular tissues or cells. These findings highlight the need for further investigation through well-structured preclinical and clinical trials to assess the efficacy and safety of Bidens pilosa in treating specific reproductive disorders.