Contactless identification of liquid types in thin-walled container using electromechanical impedance of a 1–3 piezoelectric composite sensor

IF 4.1 3区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Sensors and Actuators A-physical Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI:10.1016/j.sna.2025.116484

Shuo Ding, Yuehan Liu, Manni Yue, Mengqi Xu, Hua Cao, Zengtao Yang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The electromechanical impedance (EMI) method has been applied to liquid identification due to its sensitivity and adaptability in challenging environments. In this paper, we propose a contactless identification of liquid types in thin-walled containers using a 1–3 piezoelectric composite sensor. A fluid-structure coupling model that accounts for the influence of container wall thickness on sensor impedance is developed. An analytical expression for the impedance of a 1–3 piezoelectric transducer, accounting for coupling with a container wall and liquid, has been derived. To validate the proposed model, two methods, directly measuring the sensor impedance and measuring voltage variations across a resistor, and three different liquids are employed. Compared with theoretical liquid impedance, the maximum experimental error is only 2.7 %. Results confirmed reliability and accuracy of the model we proposed. The method presented provides a precise, adaptable solution for contactless identification of liquid types in thin-walled containers using a 1–3 piezoelectric composite sensor.

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来源期刊

Sensors and Actuators A-physical 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

8.10

自引率

6.50%

发文量

630

审稿时长

49 days

期刊介绍： Sensors and Actuators A: Physical brings together multidisciplinary interests in one journal entirely devoted to disseminating information on all aspects of research and development of solid-state devices for transducing physical signals. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical regularly publishes original papers, letters to the Editors and from time to time invited review articles within the following device areas: • Fundamentals and Physics, such as: classification of effects, physical effects, measurement theory, modelling of sensors, measurement standards, measurement errors, units and constants, time and frequency measurement. Modeling papers should bring new modeling techniques to the field and be supported by experimental results. • Materials and their Processing, such as: piezoelectric materials, polymers, metal oxides, III-V and II-VI semiconductors, thick and thin films, optical glass fibres, amorphous, polycrystalline and monocrystalline silicon. • Optoelectronic sensors, such as: photovoltaic diodes, photoconductors, photodiodes, phototransistors, positron-sensitive photodetectors, optoisolators, photodiode arrays, charge-coupled devices, light-emitting diodes, injection lasers and liquid-crystal displays. • Mechanical sensors, such as: metallic, thin-film and semiconductor strain gauges, diffused silicon pressure sensors, silicon accelerometers, solid-state displacement transducers, piezo junction devices, piezoelectric field-effect transducers (PiFETs), tunnel-diode strain sensors, surface acoustic wave devices, silicon micromechanical switches, solid-state flow meters and electronic flow controllers. Etc...