Arginine as host directed therapy in tuberculosis: insights from modulating arginine metabolism by supplementation and arginase inhibition.

One health advances Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-21 DOI:10.1186/s44280-025-00070-6
Qingkui Jiang, Ranjeet Kumar, Yi Zhao, Selvakumar Subbian, Lanbo Shi
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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a global health challenge. Arginine metabolism is central to immune responses, regulating nitric oxide (NO) production via inducible NO synthase (Nos2) and competing pathways mediated by arginases (Arg1 and Arg2). This study examines the impact of arginine supplementation and arginase inhibition during the acute phase of Mtb infection in mouse lungs, focusing on immune function, lung pathology, and mitochondrial function. Arginine supplementation enhanced Nos2 expression, promoted mitophagy, and supported angiogenesis and/or tissue repair by upregulating Vegfa. These mechanisms synergized to balance pro-inflammatory responses with tissue repair, improving immune defense while mitigating lung damage. In contrast, arginase inhibition disrupted Vegfa-mediated immune homeostasis, and impaired mitophagy, leading to exacerbated lung pathology. These findings underscore the complementary roles of Nos2 and arginase-mediated pathways in maintaining immune equilibrium during Mtb infection. Our results highlight arginine supplementation as a promising host-directed therapy for TB, capable of enhancing protective immunity and facilitating tissue repair. Conversely, caution is warranted for strategies targeting arginase due to potential adverse effects on inflammation resolution and mitochondrial quality control. Future studies should explore the long-term efficacy of arginine-based therapies and their integration with existing antibiotic regimens for optimal TB management.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s44280-025-00070-6.

精氨酸作为肺结核的宿主定向治疗:通过补充精氨酸和抑制精氨酸酶来调节精氨酸代谢。
由结核分枝杆菌(Mtb)引起的结核病(TB)仍然是一项全球卫生挑战。精氨酸代谢是免疫应答的核心,通过诱导型NO合成酶(Nos2)和精氨酸酶(Arg1和Arg2)介导的竞争途径调节一氧化氮(NO)的产生。本研究考察了在结核分枝杆菌感染小鼠肺部急性期补充精氨酸和抑制精氨酸酶的影响,重点关注免疫功能、肺病理和线粒体功能。补充精氨酸可增强Nos2的表达,促进线粒体自噬,并通过上调vegf来支持血管生成和/或组织修复。这些机制协同平衡促炎反应与组织修复,提高免疫防御,同时减轻肺损伤。相反,精氨酸酶抑制破坏了vegfa介导的免疫稳态,损害了有丝分裂,导致肺部病理加重。这些发现强调了Nos2和精氨酸酶介导的途径在结核分枝杆菌感染期间维持免疫平衡中的互补作用。我们的研究结果强调补充精氨酸是一种很有前途的结核病宿主定向治疗方法,能够增强保护性免疫和促进组织修复。相反,由于对炎症消退和线粒体质量控制的潜在不利影响,针对精氨酸酶的策略需要谨慎。未来的研究应探索以精氨酸为基础的治疗方法的长期疗效及其与现有抗生素方案的结合,以实现最佳的结核病管理。补充信息:在线版本包含补充资料,提供地址:10.1186/s44280-025-00070-6。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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