Evaluation of sleep-wake disorders with the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for Children and Adolescents: Present and Lifetime Version 5.1.

Abstract

Study objectives: Sleep-wake disorders (SWD) include dyssomnias and parasomnias, which negatively impact cognitive, emotional, and physical functioning, contributing to significant disability. The aims were to develop and evaluate the convergent validity (CV), divergent validity (DV), and inter-rater reliability (IR) of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime Version 5.1 (K-SADS-PL-5.1), which includes SWD.

Methods: We calculated categorical, sub-dimensional, and dimensional SWD. We evaluated 103 children and adolescents, n=43 females (41.75%), with a mean age of 13.35 (SD=2.97).

Results: For categorical SWD, the highest prevalence was observed for insomnia disorder, n=64 (62.1%), while the lowest was for non-REM sleep arousal disorders, n=15 (14.6%). For categorical diagnoses, CV showed correlations from (r=0.27 to r=0.58) and for DV from (r=-0.00 to r=-0.14). For the sub-dimension of dyssomnias, the CV reported (r=0.38) with the Sleep Disorder Rating Scale (SDRS), and the DV value with the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was (r=-0.08) and for the MOJAVE scale was (r=0.00). For the sub-dimension of parasomnias, the CV value with the SDRS was (r=0.36), and the DV values were with the SDQ (r=0.11) and with the MOJAVE (r=0.007). For the dimension of SWD, the CV value with the SDRS was (r=0.41), while the DV values were for SDQ (r=0.02) and the MOJAVE (r=0.01).

Conclusions: IR demonstrated excellent correlation between evaluators (κ=0.85 to 0.90). The K-SADS-PL-5.1 is a valid and reliable tool for diagnosing SWD in children and adolescents.