Coal Fly Ash-Based Adsorbents for Tetracycline Removal: Comparative Insights into Modification and Zeolite Conversion.

IF 6.8 Q1 TOXICOLOGY

Journal of Xenobiotics Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI:10.3390/jox15020036

Eric E Houghton, Litha Yapi, Nils Haneklaus, Hendrik G Brink, Shepherd M Tichapondwa

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Abstract

Emerging xenobiotics, such as tetracycline (TC), pose significant risks to both the environment and human health. Adsorption is a recognized method for removing these contaminants, and in this study, fly ash (FA), a by-product of coal combustion, was modified to develop adsorbents. Acid-modified FA (AM-FA) and base-modified FA (BM-FA) were prepared, and zeolite Na-P1 (ZNa-P1) was synthesized via hydrothermal treatment. Adsorption tests revealed that BM-FA and ZNa-P1 removed 76% and 90% of TC, respectively, compared to 35% with unmodified FA. AM-FA had the lowest performance, removing just 11% of TC. ZNa-P1's superior performance was linked to its high zeolite purity, with a cation exchange capacity (CEC) of 6.37 meq/g and a surface area of 35.7 m²/g. Though BM-FA had a larger surface area of 110.8 m²/g, it exhibited a lower CEC of 3.42 meq/g. Adsorption efficiency was more closely related to CEC than surface area. Optimal TC removal with ZNa-P1 was achieved at a 7.5 g/L dosage and pH 5. The process followed pseudo second order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm, with a maximum capacity of 46.34 mg/g at 30 °C. The adsorption thermodynamics indicated that the adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous. The adsorption mechanism of tetracycline on ZNa-P1 involved electrostatic attraction, hydrogen, and ion exchange. This study aligns with SDGs 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production).

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煤粉煤灰基吸附剂去除四环素：改性和沸石转化的比较研究。

四环素等新出现的外源性药物对环境和人类健康都构成重大风险。吸附是一种公认的去除这些污染物的方法，在本研究中，对煤燃烧副产物粉煤灰（FA）进行改性以制备吸附剂。制备了酸改性FA （AM-FA）和碱改性FA (BM-FA)，并通过水热法合成了Na-P1 （ZNa-P1）分子筛。吸附试验表明，BM-FA和ZNa-P1对TC的去除率分别为76%和90%，而未改性FA的去除率为35%。AM-FA的表现最差，仅去除11%的TC。ZNa-P1的优异性能与其高沸石纯度有关，阳离子交换容量（CEC）为6.37 meq/g，表面积为35.7 m2/g。BM-FA的表面积较大，为110.8 m2/g， CEC较低，为3.42 meq/g。吸附效率与CEC的关系比表面积更密切。ZNa-P1在7.5 g/L投加量和pH为5的条件下对TC的去除效果最佳。该过程符合拟二级动力学和Langmuir等温线，在30℃下的最大容量为46.34 mg/g。吸附热力学结果表明，吸附是自发吸热的。四环素在ZNa-P1上的吸附机理包括静电吸引、氢交换和离子交换。这项研究符合可持续发展目标6（清洁水和卫生设施）和12（负责任的消费和生产）。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Journal of Xenobiotics TOXICOLOGY-

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

1.70%

发文量

审稿时长

10 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal of Xenobiotics publishes original studies concerning the beneficial (pharmacology) and detrimental effects (toxicology) of xenobiotics in all organisms. A xenobiotic (“stranger to life”) is defined as a chemical that is not usually found at significant concentrations or expected to reside for long periods in organisms. In addition to man-made chemicals, natural products could also be of interest if they have potent biological properties, special medicinal properties or that a given organism is at risk of exposure in the environment. Topics dealing with abiotic- and biotic-based transformations in various media (xenobiochemistry) and environmental toxicology are also of interest. Areas of interests include the identification of key physical and chemical properties of molecules that predict biological effects and persistence in the environment; the molecular mode of action of xenobiotics; biochemical and physiological interactions leading to change in organism health; pathophysiological interactions of natural and synthetic chemicals; development of biochemical indicators including new “-omics” approaches to identify biomarkers of exposure or effects for xenobiotics.