Epidemiological landscape in a Mediterranean hotspot of human leishmaniosis in Spain under a One Health approach.

IF 4.9 4区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY
Jesús Barbero-Moyano, Moisés Gonzálvez, Daniel Bravo-Barriga, Ignacio García-Bocanegra, Pedro López-López, Antonio Rivero-Juárez, Francisco Ruiz-Fons, Inmaculada Moreno, Antonio J Carpio, Remigio Martínez, Ana Belén Pérez, María Angustias Jiménez, Antonio Rivero, María Ángeles Risalde
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Abstract

Integrated One Health studies are essential to assess the potential risks associated with leishmaniosis hotspots in Europe. Thus, the aim was to holistically evaluate Leishmania infantum epidemiology in a rural hotspot in Spain with a high incidence of human leishmaniosis. Samples from 145 humans (blood), 41 dogs (blood and hairs), and 41 wild lagomorphs (blood, skin, and spleen) were collected during 2022-2023. Sandflies were captured with CDC-traps, and blood-feeding was evaluated. L. infantum exposure was assessed using indirect immunofluorescence and/or quantitative PCR. Positivity was detected in 6.2% of humans, 73.2% of dogs, and 100% of lagomorphs. A total of 1,347 sandflies were captured, predominantly Phlebotomus perniciosus. Blood meal analysis identified several synanthropic animals, as well as humans, as blood-sources. L. infantum DNA was detected in 65.7% of pooled and 25.8% of individual sandfly specimens. A spatial cluster of L. infantum positivity was identified near a hunting area harboring lagomorphs. Phylogeny revealed high homology between L. infantum isolates from lagomorphs and sandflies. Our results reinforce the role of wild lagomorphs as pivotal L. infantum reservoirs, favoring the occurrence of human leishmaniosis at the wildlife-human-domestic interface. This study underscores the need to integrate One Health approaches in endemic areas of leishmaniosis to establish effective prevention and control measures.

同一个健康方针下西班牙地中海人类利什曼病热点的流行病学景观。
综合健康研究对于评估与欧洲利什曼病热点相关的潜在风险至关重要。因此,目的是在西班牙一个人类利什曼病高发的农村热点地区全面评估婴儿利什曼病流行病学。在2022-2023年期间采集了145人(血液)、41只狗(血液和毛发)和41只野生狐猴(血液、皮肤和脾脏)的样本。采用cdc诱捕器捕获白蛉,并评价其血供情况。使用间接免疫荧光和/或定量PCR评估乳杆菌暴露。6.2%的人、73.2%的狗和100%的狐猴呈阳性。共捕获白蛉1347只,以白蛉为主。血粉分析确定了几种共生性动物以及人类作为血液来源。在总样本和个体样本中分别检测到65.7%和25.8%的婴儿乳杆菌DNA。在有lagomorphi的狩猎区附近发现了一个空间群。在系统发育上,狐形目和白蛉分离的婴儿乳杆菌具有高度的同源性。我们的研究结果强化了野生lagomorphs作为关键的婴儿L.水库的作用,有利于在野生动物-人类-家庭界面发生人类利什曼病。这项研究强调需要在利什曼病流行地区整合“同一个健康”方法,以建立有效的预防和控制措施。
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来源期刊
Pathogens and Global Health
Pathogens and Global Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-PARASITOLOGY
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
60
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Pathogens and Global Health is a journal of infectious disease and public health that focuses on the translation of molecular, immunological, genomics and epidemiological knowledge into control measures for global health threat. The journal publishes original innovative research papers, reviews articles and interviews policy makers and opinion leaders on health subjects of international relevance. It provides a forum for scientific, ethical and political discussion of new innovative solutions for controlling and eradicating infectious diseases, with particular emphasis on those diseases affecting the poorest regions of the world.
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