Can children and adults balance majority size with information quality in learning from preferences?

IF 3.7 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL
Rebekah A Gelpí, Amy Whalen, Thomas L Griffiths, Fei Xu, Daphna Buchsbaum
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

We investigate how 3- to 5-year-old U.S. and Canadian children (N = 189) and U.S. adults (N = 241) balance the number of endorsements for a given option with the quality of the informants' source of information when deciding which of two boxes contains the better option. When choosing between two different boxes endorsed by groups of equal sizes, both children (Experiments 1-3) and adults (Experiment 6) tend to choose boxes endorsed by informants with visual access to the boxes over informants with hearsay. However, children's choices were biased toward the larger group when the size of the group conflicted with the quality of the source of the groups' information (Experiments 4 and 5), while adults more often chose the option endorsed by the group with the higher quality information (Experiment 6). Children were more likely to conform to a majority opinion when compared with both adults and to a normative computational model that endorses a group proportional to the number of independent, direct observations made by that group's informants. These findings suggest that, while adults balance the size of a majority with the quality of the informants' information source, preschoolers can evaluate when groups differ in the source of their information but may assume that the presence of a majority endorsing an option is inherently informative over and above the information source group members' testimony relied on. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

儿童和成人能否在偏好学习中平衡多数人的数量和信息质量?
我们调查了3到5岁的美国和加拿大儿童(N = 189)和美国成年人(N = 241)在决定两个选项中哪一个包含更好的选项时,如何平衡对给定选项的支持数量和举报人信息来源的质量。当孩子们(实验1-3)和成人(实验6)在两个大小相同的盒子之间进行选择时,他们都倾向于选择有视觉接触的举报人而不是有传闻的举报人。然而,当群体的规模与群体信息来源的质量相冲突时,儿童的选择倾向于更大的群体(实验4和5),而成年人更多地选择具有更高质量信息的群体所认可的选项(实验6)。与成年人相比,儿童更容易遵循多数意见,也更容易遵循一个规范的计算模型,该模型支持与独立的、该小组的线人的直接观察。这些发现表明,当成年人权衡多数人的数量和举报人信息源的质量时,学龄前儿童可以评估群体在信息来源上的差异,但可能会假设多数人支持一个选项的存在本质上比群体成员证词所依赖的信息源更有信息量。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA,版权所有)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
4.90%
发文量
300
期刊介绍: The Journal of Experimental Psychology: General publishes articles describing empirical work that bridges the traditional interests of two or more communities of psychology. The work may touch on issues dealt with in JEP: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, JEP: Human Perception and Performance, JEP: Animal Behavior Processes, or JEP: Applied, but may also concern issues in other subdisciplines of psychology, including social processes, developmental processes, psychopathology, neuroscience, or computational modeling. Articles in JEP: General may be longer than the usual journal publication if necessary, but shorter articles that bridge subdisciplines will also be considered.
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