Animal-based approaches to understanding neuroglia physiology in vitro and in vivo.

Q2 Medicine
Davide Gobbo, Frank Kirchhoff
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This chapter describes the pivotal role of animal models for unraveling the physiology of neuroglial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). The two rodent species Mus musculus (mice) and Rattus norvegicus (rats) have been indispensable in scientific research due to their remarkable resemblance to humans anatomically, physiologically, and genetically. Their ease of maintenance, short gestation times, and rapid development make them ideal candidates for studying the physiology of astrocytes, oligodendrocyte-lineage cells, and microglia. Moreover, their genetic similarity to humans facilitates the investigation of molecular mechanisms governing neural physiology. Mice are largely the predominant model of neuroglial research, owing to advanced genetic manipulation techniques, whereas rats remain invaluable for applications requiring larger CNS structures for surgical manipulations. Next to rodents, other animal models, namely, Danio rerio (zebrafish) and Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), will be discussed to emphasize their critical role in advancing our understanding of glial physiology. Each animal model provides distinct advantages and disadvantages. By combining the strengths of each of them, researchers can gain comprehensive insights into glial function across species, ultimately promoting the understanding of glial physiology in the human CNS and driving the development of novel therapeutic interventions for CNS disorders.

基于动物的方法来理解神经胶质细胞生理在体外和体内。
本章描述了动物模型在揭示中枢神经系统(CNS)神经胶质细胞生理学中的关键作用。小家鼠(Mus musculus,小鼠)和褐家鼠(Rattus norvegicus,大鼠)这两种啮齿类动物由于在解剖学、生理和基因上与人类非常相似,在科学研究中一直是不可或缺的。它们易于维护,妊娠时间短,发育迅速,使它们成为研究星形胶质细胞,少突胶质细胞谱系细胞和小胶质细胞生理学的理想候选者。此外,它们与人类的遗传相似性有助于研究控制神经生理学的分子机制。由于先进的基因操作技术,小鼠在很大程度上是神经胶质研究的主要模型,而大鼠在手术操作中需要更大的中枢神经系统结构的应用中仍然是无价的。除啮齿类动物外,还将讨论其他动物模型,即斑马鱼和果蝇,以强调它们在促进我们对神经胶质生理学的理解方面的关键作用。每种动物模型都有其独特的优点和缺点。通过结合它们各自的优势,研究人员可以全面了解不同物种的神经胶质功能,最终促进对人类中枢神经系统神经胶质生理学的理解,并推动中枢神经系统疾病的新型治疗干预措施的发展。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Handbook of clinical neurology
Handbook of clinical neurology Medicine-Neurology (clinical)
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
302
期刊介绍: The Handbook of Clinical Neurology (HCN) was originally conceived and edited by Pierre Vinken and George Bruyn as a prestigious, multivolume reference work that would cover all the disorders encountered by clinicians and researchers engaged in neurology and allied fields. The first series of the Handbook (Volumes 1-44) was published between 1968 and 1982 and was followed by a second series (Volumes 45-78), guided by the same editors, which concluded in 2002. By that time, the Handbook had come to represent one of the largest scientific works ever published. In 2002, Professors Michael J. Aminoff, François Boller, and Dick F. Swaab took on the responsibility of supervising the third (current) series, the first volumes of which published in 2003. They have designed this series to encompass both clinical neurology and also the basic and clinical neurosciences that are its underpinning. Given the enormity and complexity of the accumulating literature, it is almost impossible to keep abreast of developments in the field, thus providing the raison d''être for the series. The series will thus appeal to clinicians and investigators alike, providing to each an added dimension. Now, more than 140 volumes after it began, the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series has an unparalleled reputation for providing the latest information on fundamental research on the operation of the nervous system in health and disease, comprehensive clinical information on neurological and related disorders, and up-to-date treatment protocols.
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