{"title":"Neuroglia and brain energy metabolism.","authors":"Uchenna Peter-Okaka, Detlev Boison","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-443-19104-6.00007-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The glial control of energy homeostasis is of crucial importance for health and disease. Astrocytes in particular play a major role in controlling the equilibrium among adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), and adenosine. Any energy crisis leads to a drop in ATP, and the resulting increase in adenosine is an evolutionary ancient mechanism to suppress energy-consuming activities. The maintenance of brain energy homeostasis, in turn, requires the availability of energy sources, such as glucose and ketones. Astrocytes have assumed an important role in enabling efficient energy utilization by neurons. In addition, neurons are under the metabolic control of astrocytes through regulation of glutamate and GABA levels. The intricate interplay between glial brain energy metabolism and brain function can be best understood once the homeostatic system of energy metabolism is brought out of control. This has best been studied within the context of epilepsy where metabolic treatments provide unprecedented opportunities for the control of seizures that are refractory to conventional antiseizure medications. This chapter will discuss astroglial energy metabolism in the healthy brain and will use epilepsy as a model condition in which glial brain energy homeostasis is disrupted. We will conclude with an outlook on how those principles can be applied to other conditions such as Alzheimer disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12907,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of clinical neurology","volume":"209 ","pages":"117-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Handbook of clinical neurology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-19104-6.00007-3","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The glial control of energy homeostasis is of crucial importance for health and disease. Astrocytes in particular play a major role in controlling the equilibrium among adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), and adenosine. Any energy crisis leads to a drop in ATP, and the resulting increase in adenosine is an evolutionary ancient mechanism to suppress energy-consuming activities. The maintenance of brain energy homeostasis, in turn, requires the availability of energy sources, such as glucose and ketones. Astrocytes have assumed an important role in enabling efficient energy utilization by neurons. In addition, neurons are under the metabolic control of astrocytes through regulation of glutamate and GABA levels. The intricate interplay between glial brain energy metabolism and brain function can be best understood once the homeostatic system of energy metabolism is brought out of control. This has best been studied within the context of epilepsy where metabolic treatments provide unprecedented opportunities for the control of seizures that are refractory to conventional antiseizure medications. This chapter will discuss astroglial energy metabolism in the healthy brain and will use epilepsy as a model condition in which glial brain energy homeostasis is disrupted. We will conclude with an outlook on how those principles can be applied to other conditions such as Alzheimer disease.
期刊介绍：
The Handbook of Clinical Neurology (HCN) was originally conceived and edited by Pierre Vinken and George Bruyn as a prestigious, multivolume reference work that would cover all the disorders encountered by clinicians and researchers engaged in neurology and allied fields. The first series of the Handbook (Volumes 1-44) was published between 1968 and 1982 and was followed by a second series (Volumes 45-78), guided by the same editors, which concluded in 2002. By that time, the Handbook had come to represent one of the largest scientific works ever published. In 2002, Professors Michael J. Aminoff, François Boller, and Dick F. Swaab took on the responsibility of supervising the third (current) series, the first volumes of which published in 2003. They have designed this series to encompass both clinical neurology and also the basic and clinical neurosciences that are its underpinning. Given the enormity and complexity of the accumulating literature, it is almost impossible to keep abreast of developments in the field, thus providing the raison d''être for the series. The series will thus appeal to clinicians and investigators alike, providing to each an added dimension. Now, more than 140 volumes after it began, the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series has an unparalleled reputation for providing the latest information on fundamental research on the operation of the nervous system in health and disease, comprehensive clinical information on neurological and related disorders, and up-to-date treatment protocols.
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