{"title":"The world crisis of terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton indotineae until 2024: do we have enough knowledge?","authors":"Ali Abdul Hussein S Al-Janabi","doi":"10.1080/1040841X.2025.2482659","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dermatophytoses is a well-known name among dermatologists due to its high prevalence among various ages of humans. It is mainly caused by skin-infecting fungi called dermatophytes. From these dermatophytes, <i>Trichophyton indotineae</i> is a newly virulent species with high prevalence and multidrug properties. It was first described in the Indian subcontinent as a closely genetically related strain to <i>Trichophyton interdigitale</i> and <i>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</i>, and spread quickly worldwide. Terbinafine has been utilized for the treatment of dermatophytosis caused by <i>T. indotineae</i> owing to the development of resistance to azole in many of its strains. Wide use of terbinafine has also induced later the development of terbinafine-resistant strains of <i>T. indotineae</i>. Point mutations in the squalene epoxidase (<i>SQLE</i>) gene, which lead to single or multiple substitutions in amino acid positions in the encoded protein (SQLE), are the main reason for antifungal resistance in <i>T. indotineae</i>. This review aims to determine the background of terbinafine-resistant strains of <i>T. indotineae</i> and where they are currently located.</p>","PeriodicalId":10736,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":6.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Critical Reviews in Microbiology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1040841X.2025.2482659","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Dermatophytoses is a well-known name among dermatologists due to its high prevalence among various ages of humans. It is mainly caused by skin-infecting fungi called dermatophytes. From these dermatophytes, Trichophyton indotineae is a newly virulent species with high prevalence and multidrug properties. It was first described in the Indian subcontinent as a closely genetically related strain to Trichophyton interdigitale and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and spread quickly worldwide. Terbinafine has been utilized for the treatment of dermatophytosis caused by T. indotineae owing to the development of resistance to azole in many of its strains. Wide use of terbinafine has also induced later the development of terbinafine-resistant strains of T. indotineae. Point mutations in the squalene epoxidase (SQLE) gene, which lead to single or multiple substitutions in amino acid positions in the encoded protein (SQLE), are the main reason for antifungal resistance in T. indotineae. This review aims to determine the background of terbinafine-resistant strains of T. indotineae and where they are currently located.
期刊介绍：
Critical Reviews in Microbiology is an international, peer-reviewed journal that publishes comprehensive reviews covering all areas of microbiology relevant to humans and animals, including medical and veterinary microbiology, public health and environmental microbiology. These may include subjects related to microbial molecular biology, immunopathogenicity, physiology, biochemistry, structure, and epidemiology. Of particular interest are reviews covering clinical aspects of bacterial, virological, fungal and parasitic diseases. All reviews must be analytical, comprehensive, and balanced in nature. Editors welcome uninvited submissions, as well as suggested topics for reviews accompanied by an abstract.
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