Nephrotoxicity associated with short-term gentamicin therapy in community-acquired bacteraemia: risk of nephrotoxicity.

Abstract

Introduction: Hesitancy towards the use of aminoglycosides persists among clinicians due to the perceived risk of nephrotoxicity.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adults with community-acquired bacteraemia and no pre-existing renal failure. The patients were divided into two groups matched 1:1 by age (± 5 years): 1) patients treated with short-term (≤ 3 days) once-daily gentamicin within 24 hours of admission and 2) non-gentamicin-treated patients. The primary endpoint was an increase in plasma creatinine levels of ≥ 40 µmol/l from baseline. Cause-specific Cox regression was used to compute hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for prognostic factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) and death.

Results: A total of 310 adults with bacteraemia were included, among whom 159 (49%) were treated with gentamicin and 151 (51%) with other antibiotics. No significant between-group differences were observed in sex distribution, comorbidities, biochemical variables and vital signs at admission. In the gentamicin-exposed group, 11 (7%) patients developed AKI compared with 12 (8%) patients in the non-exposed group. Gentamicin was neither associated with increased risk of AKI (HR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.38-1.96) nor with 30-day mortality (HR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.38-1.41) compared with other antibiotic regimens.

Conclusions: Our study showed no increase in the risk of developing AKI and no increase in all-cause mortality in patients treated with short-term once-daily gentamicin for community-acquired bacteraemia compared with other antibiotic regimens.

Funding: None.

Trial registration: Not relevant.