Acid-Resistant Glass Ionomer Cements: An Assessment of Their Mechanical Properties, Fluoride Ion Release and Protection to Surrounding Tooth Surfaces From Acid Challenges

IF 3.2 4区 医学 Q2 ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL
Kai Chun Li, Joash Castillo, Manikandan Ekambaram, Ludwig Jansen van Vuuren, Abdullah Barazanchi, May Lei Mei
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

New acid-resistant glass ionomer cements (GIC) claim to be able to withstand acidic conditions while also protecting surrounding tooth structures and preserving function. Currently, there are only a few studies that assessed mechanical properties, ion release, and changes that occur around an acid-resistant GIC–dentine bonded interface under acidic conditions. This study aims to investigate the mechanical properties and fluoride release of GIC and the dentine hardness changes of the tooth that occur near the GIC–dentine bonded interface under in vitro conditions simulating carious and erosive challenges. A total of 96 beam-shaped specimens (2 mm × 2 mm × 25 mm) were prepared from two types of GIC and placed in neutral pH, carious, and erosive conditions for a total of 3 days over 2 time points to determine the flexural strength change and fluoride release. Twenty-four bovine teeth specimens with a 3 mm × 2 mm diameter cavity restored by two GICs (Fuji BULK (acid-resistant GIC)), Fuji IX Extra (conventional GIC) were subjected to carious (pH 4.4) and erosive (pH 2.3) conditions for 8 and 10 days, respectively. Hardness tests of the dentin surrounding the restorative material were conducted on the surface and cross-sectional interface. Data was tested for significant differences (α = 0.05) utilizing three-way analysis of variance with a Bonferroni post hoc test for multiple comparisons. No significant differences were observed in all comparisons of flexural strength between acid-resistant (~32 MPa) and conventional GICs (~26 MPa). Significant differences were observed in the fluoride release (p < 0.05) between different acidic environments for the same material, between different time points for the same material, and between different materials for day 1 in all conditions. The largest difference in fluoride release between conventional and acid-resistant GIC occurred on day 1 in the control groups, where the fluoride release was 63.1 and 28.2 ppm, respectively. This difference dropped substantially by day 3, where the ppm for conventional and acid-resistant GIC measured 11.9 and 3.9 ppm, respectively. Under carious and erosive conditions, both conventional and acid-resistant GIC showed higher fluoride releases, with erosive conditions showing sustained high fluoride releases of 60.1 and 55.2 ppm, respectively. Overall percent mass for the erosive condition from day 1 to day 3 decreased by 55.5% and 47.1% for conventional and acid-resistant GIC, respectively. A significant difference in dentine hardness (p < 0.001) was observed under erosive treatment between conventional and acid-resistant GIC at both the surface (0.27 GPa vs. 0.36 GPa) and cross-sectional (0.24 GPa vs. 0.32 GPa) sites, respectively. A significant difference in hardness (p < 0.001) was observed for acid-resistant and conventional GIC between all conditions, except between carious and erosive for the acid-resistant GIC. In conclusion, acid-resistant GIC was more resistant to demineralization on regions surrounding the restored cavity under erosive conditions compared to conventional GIC. There were no significant differences in flexural strength observed between acid-resistant and conventional GIC for all conditions, while initial fluoride release for conventional GIC was found to be slightly higher compared to the acid-resistant GIC.

Abstract Image

新型耐酸玻璃离聚体水门汀(GIC)声称能够耐酸,同时还能保护周围的牙齿结构并保持功能。目前,只有少数研究评估了耐酸玻璃离子粘结剂的机械性能、离子释放以及在酸性条件下牙科粘结界面周围发生的变化。本研究旨在调查 GIC 的机械性能和氟化物释放情况,以及在体外模拟龋齿和腐蚀挑战的条件下,GIC-牙本质粘结界面附近发生的牙本质硬度变化。从两种类型的 GIC 中制备了 96 个梁状试样(2 mm × 2 mm × 25 mm),并将其放置在中性 pH、龋坏和腐蚀条件下,在两个时间点上共放置 3 天,以测定抗弯强度变化和氟化物释放情况。将 24 颗由两种 GIC(富士 BULK(耐酸 GIC)、富士 IX Extra(传统 GIC))修复的直径为 3 mm × 2 mm 的龋洞牛牙标本分别置于龋坏(pH 值为 4.4)和腐蚀(pH 值为 2.3)条件下 8 天和 10 天。对修复材料周围牙本质的表面和横截面界面进行了硬度测试。通过三方方差分析和Bonferroni多重比较后检验法检验数据是否存在显著差异(α = 0.05)。在抗酸(约 32 兆帕)和传统 GIC(约 26 兆帕)之间的所有抗弯强度比较中均未观察到明显差异。在所有条件下,同一材料在不同酸性环境下、同一材料在不同时间点上以及不同材料在第 1 天的氟化物释放量均存在显著差异(p <0.05)。在对照组中,传统 GIC 和耐酸 GIC 在第 1 天的氟释放量差异最大,分别为 63.1 ppm 和 28.2 ppm。到了第 3 天,这一差异大幅缩小,传统型和耐酸型 GIC 的氟释放量分别为 11.9ppm 和 3.9ppm。在龋坏和侵蚀条件下,传统和耐酸 GIC 的氟释放量都较高,其中侵蚀条件下的氟释放量持续较高,分别为百万分之 60.1 和 55.2。从第 1 天到第 3 天,侵蚀条件下的总质量百分比在传统 GIC 和耐酸 GIC 中分别下降了 55.5% 和 47.1%。在侵蚀处理条件下,传统 GIC 和耐酸 GIC 在表面(0.27 GPa 对 0.36 GPa)和横截面(0.24 GPa 对 0.32 GPa)部位的牙本质硬度都有明显差异(p < 0.001)。在所有条件下,耐酸 GIC 和传统 GIC 的硬度都有明显差异(p < 0.001),但耐酸 GIC 的龋坏和侵蚀除外。总之,与传统 GIC 相比,耐酸 GIC 在侵蚀条件下更能抵抗修复洞周围区域的脱矿。在所有条件下,耐酸 GIC 和传统 GIC 的抗弯强度都没有明显差异,而传统 GIC 的初始氟释放量比耐酸 GIC 稍高。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
2.90%
发文量
199
审稿时长
12 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research – Part B: Applied Biomaterials is a highly interdisciplinary peer-reviewed journal serving the needs of biomaterials professionals who design, develop, produce and apply biomaterials and medical devices. It has the common focus of biomaterials applied to the human body and covers all disciplines where medical devices are used. Papers are published on biomaterials related to medical device development and manufacture, degradation in the body, nano- and biomimetic- biomaterials interactions, mechanics of biomaterials, implant retrieval and analysis, tissue-biomaterial surface interactions, wound healing, infection, drug delivery, standards and regulation of devices, animal and pre-clinical studies of biomaterials and medical devices, and tissue-biopolymer-material combination products. Manuscripts are published in one of six formats: • original research reports • short research and development reports • scientific reviews • current concepts articles • special reports • editorials Journal of Biomedical Materials Research – Part B: Applied Biomaterials is an official journal of the Society for Biomaterials, Japanese Society for Biomaterials, the Australasian Society for Biomaterials, and the Korean Society for Biomaterials. Manuscripts from all countries are invited but must be in English. Authors are not required to be members of the affiliated Societies, but members of these societies are encouraged to submit their work to the journal for consideration.
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