Suicide Among Older People in Spain: The Role of Sex and Urbanicity

IF 3.6 3区 医学 Q2 GERIATRICS & GERONTOLOGY
Gabriel Jesús Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Gonzalo Martínez-Alés, Teresa López-Cuadrado
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Abstract

Objectives

Suicide rates are driven by availability of lethal means, increase with age, and are often higher in rural versus urban areas. This study examines temporal and geographic variations in suicides among elderly with a focus on rural-urban differences in method-specific suicide rates among people aged 65 and older in Spain, a rapidly aging country.

Methods

Population-based study including all suicides among people over 65 in Spain between 2010 and 2022. We examined overall and method-specific suicide rates and their temporal and geographical variation, stratifying results by sex and urbanicity level. Time trends were estimated via joinpoint regression. Maps were created to analyze the geographical distribution of suicide rates.

Results

While 2010–2022 suicide rates in people aged 65 and older remained largely stable overall, they increased by an annual 2.6% for women living in urban areas. The most common suicide methods were hanging for men living in rural and urban areas (68.5% and 47.3%, respectively) and for women living in rural areas (42.1%); for women living in urban areas jumping was the modal suicide method (46.9%). Method-specific trend analyses revealed recent increases in male suicide by poisoning and hanging in rural areas, decreases in male suicide by hanging and increases in male suicide by jumping in urban areas, and increases in female suicide by poisoning and jumping in urban areas. We identified and mapped remarkable geographic variation in overall and sex-specific suicide rates across Spain's regions.

Conclusions

These results, highlighting recent increases in female suicides in urban areas and in specific method-specific male suicides both in rural and urban areas, and demonstrating geographical variation across regions, should help guide targeted suicide prevention efforts.

西班牙老年人自杀:性与城市化的作用
自杀率受可获得致命手段的影响,随年龄增长而增加,农村地区的自杀率往往高于城市地区。本研究考察了老年人自杀的时间和地理差异,重点研究了西班牙65岁及以上老年人自杀率的城乡差异,这是一个快速老龄化的国家。方法以人群为基础的研究,包括2010年至2022年间西班牙65岁以上人群的所有自杀事件。我们检查了总体和特定方法的自杀率及其时间和地理变化,并按性别和城市化水平对结果进行了分层。通过连接点回归估计时间趋势。绘制地图是为了分析自杀率的地理分布。结果2010年至2022年,65岁及以上人群的自杀率总体上保持稳定,但城市地区女性的自杀率每年上升2.6%。生活在农村和城市地区的男性(分别为68.5%和47.3%)和生活在农村地区的女性(42.1%)最常见的自杀方式是上吊;对于生活在城市地区的妇女,跳楼是自杀方式(46.9%)。具体方法趋势分析显示,最近农村地区男性中毒和上吊自杀增加,城市地区男性上吊自杀减少,跳楼自杀增加,城市地区女性中毒和跳楼自杀增加。我们确定并绘制了西班牙各地区总体和性别自杀率的显著地理差异。这些结果突出了近期城市地区女性自杀率的上升,以及农村和城市地区特定方法男性自杀率的上升,并展示了不同地区的地理差异,这些结果应该有助于指导有针对性的自杀预防工作。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
2.50%
发文量
168
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The rapidly increasing world population of aged people has led to a growing need to focus attention on the problems of mental disorder in late life. The aim of the Journal is to communicate the results of original research in the causes, treatment and care of all forms of mental disorder which affect the elderly. The Journal is of interest to psychiatrists, psychologists, social scientists, nurses and others engaged in therapeutic professions, together with general neurobiological researchers. The Journal provides an international perspective on the important issue of geriatric psychiatry, and contributions are published from countries throughout the world. Topics covered include epidemiology of mental disorders in old age, clinical aetiological research, post-mortem pathological and neurochemical studies, treatment trials and evaluation of geriatric psychiatry services.
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