Psychopathological Symptoms of Individuals Recently Bereaved During COVID-19 Pandemic: Symptom Profiles, Predictive Factors and Correlations With Insomnia

IF 3.2 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical psychology & psychotherapy Pub Date : 2025-03-23 DOI:10.1002/cpp.70066

Wenli Qian, Tong Xie, Renzhihui Tang, Xin Xu, Keyuan Jiao, Xinyan Zou, Jianping Wang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Aims

This study aimed to identify subgroups of individuals bereaved within the past 1 year during the COVID-19 pandemic based on symptoms of prolonged grief disorder (PGD), depression and post-traumatic stress (PTSD). Additionally, we examined class differences in socio-demographic and loss-related variables and explored the associations between class membership and insomnia.

Methods

A total of 324 individuals (72.2% female) who experienced bereavement within 12 months (M = 4.01 months, SD = 2.45) completed Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Latent class analysis (LCA) with three-step and BCH procedure was employed.

Results

Three distinct subgroups were identified: a high symptoms class (33.4%), a high PGD, moderate depression and PTSD class (35.2%) and a moderate PGD, low depression and PTSD class (31.4%), especially yearning, preoccupation, emotional pain and loneliness, were predominant. Class membership was influenced by relationship to the deceased and expectancy of death but not by time since loss. Death due to COVID-19 did not significantly differentiate class membership compared to other causes. Additionally, significant differences in insomnia severity were observed across classes (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Distinct psychopathological patterns emerged among recently bereaved individuals during the pandemic, with PGD symptoms being particularly prominent. Tailored strategies may help address distinct symptom profiles and co-morbid symptoms within bereavement care.

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COVID-19大流行期间最近丧偶个体的精神病理症状：症状特征、预测因素及其与失眠的相关性

本研究旨在根据延长悲伤障碍（PGD）、抑郁和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的症状，确定过去一年内在COVID-19大流行期间失去亲人的个体亚组。此外，我们检查了社会人口统计学和损失相关变量的阶级差异，并探讨了阶级成员与失眠之间的关系。方法选取12个月内经历丧恸的324例（72.2%）患者（M = 4.01个月，SD = 2.45），填写《复杂悲伤量表》（ICG）、《患者健康问卷》（PHQ-9）、《DSM-5 PTSD检查表》（PCL-5）和《失眠严重程度指数》（ISI）。采用三步潜类分析（LCA）和BCH方法。结果患者分为高症状组（33.4%）、高PGD、中度抑郁和PTSD组（35.2%）和中度PGD、轻度抑郁和PTSD组（31.4%），以向往、专注、情绪痛苦和孤独为主。班级成员受与死者的关系和死亡预期的影响，但不受死亡后时间的影响。与其他原因相比，COVID-19导致的死亡对班级成员没有明显的区别。此外，失眠严重程度在各阶层之间也存在显著差异（p < 0.001）。结论大流行期间，最近丧亲的个体出现了明显的精神病理模式，其中PGD症状尤为突出。量身定制的策略可能有助于在丧亲护理中解决不同的症状概况和共病症状。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical psychology & psychotherapy PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL-

CiteScore

6.30

自引率

5.60%

发文量

106

期刊介绍： Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy aims to keep clinical psychologists and psychotherapists up to date with new developments in their fields. The Journal will provide an integrative impetus both between theory and practice and between different orientations within clinical psychology and psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy will be a forum in which practitioners can present their wealth of expertise and innovations in order to make these available to a wider audience. Equally, the Journal will contain reports from researchers who want to address a larger clinical audience with clinically relevant issues and clinically valid research.