Tails in Action: Comparative Use of the Prehensile Tail and Substrate in Alouatta macconnelli, Sapajus apella, and Potos flavus

IF 2 3区 生物学 Q1 ZOOLOGY
Arthur Georges Naas, John Bosu Mensah, Pierre-Michel Forget, Éric Guilbert, Anthony Herrel
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Abstract

Arboreal habitats are three-dimensionally complex and are composed of substrates that differ in size, compliance, and continuity. In response, arboreal vertebrates have evolved morphological and behavioral traits allowing them to successfully move through these environments. Prehensile tails constitute one of such adaptations, yet remain poorly studied. Variation in prehensile tail use between species might result in anatomical variations, as has been shown in primates but remains undocumented in most species. The present study, therefore, sought to describe prehensile tail use and substrate type utilization between two primates, the Guianan red howler (Alouatta macconnelli) and Brown capuchin (Sapajus apella) and one carnivoran, the Kinkajou (Potos flavus). To do so, we used 1431 photographs obtained from camera traps placed in the canopy in French Guyana. The results showed that P. flavus exhibits a greater diversity of overall positional and prehensile tail-associated behaviors compared to S. apella and A. macconnelli. Moreover, P. flavus used its tail for both stability and mass-bearing purposes during locomotor and postural behaviors, while A. macconnelli and S. apella used their tails mainly for mass bearing and stability, respectively, and this was only during postural behaviors. P. flavus mostly used large substrates but A. macconnelli used more small substrates. S. apella showed a preference for both medium and large substrates. Multivariate analyses showed that the three species were well discriminated regarding positional behaviors, with P. flavus exhibiting several postural and especially locomotor behaviors not shared by the two primate species, as well as a combination of behaviors shared with either of the two aforementioned species. A. macconnelli was mainly characterized by suspensory posture and vertical displacements, whereas S. apella mainly used above-branch postures using its tail to anchor itself.

Abstract Image

尾巴的作用:在阿鲁阿塔·麦康纳利、无皮鱼和黄豆中对卷绕尾巴和基质的比较利用
树木栖息地是三维复杂的,由大小、顺应性和连续性不同的基质组成。作为回应,树栖脊椎动物进化出了形态和行为特征,使它们能够成功地在这些环境中移动。可抓握的尾巴就是这样一种适应,但对它的研究还很少。不同物种间卷曲尾巴使用的差异可能导致解剖学上的差异,这在灵长类动物中已经得到证实,但在大多数物种中仍未得到证实。因此,本研究试图描述两种灵长类动物——贵州红叫猴(Alouatta macconnelli)和棕色卷尾猴(Sapajus apella)以及一种食肉动物——蜜熊(Potos flavus)之间可抓握力尾巴的使用和底物类型的利用。为此,我们使用了从法属圭亚那树冠上放置的相机陷阱中获得的1431张照片。结果表明,黄颡鱼在整体位置和可卷曲尾巴相关行为上比无瓣鱼和麦康奈尔鱼表现出更大的多样性。此外,黄菖蒲在运动和体位行为中,尾巴既用于稳定又用于承载质量,而麦康奈尔菖蒲和apella则分别主要用于承载质量和稳定质量,且仅用于体位行为。黄曲霉主要利用大型底物,而麦氏霉则以小型底物为主。无瓣草对中、大型基质均表现出偏好。多变量分析表明,这三种灵长类动物在位置行为上有很好的区分,黄斑古猿表现出两种灵长类动物所没有的几种姿势行为,尤其是运动行为,以及与上述两种灵长类动物共同的行为组合。mcconnelli以悬吊姿态和垂直位移为主,而S. apella则以枝上姿态为主,利用尾巴固定自身。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
8.30%
发文量
103
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The objective of the American Journal of Primatology is to provide a forum for the exchange of ideas and findings among primatologists and to convey our increasing understanding of this order of animals to specialists and interested readers alike. Primatology is an unusual science in that its practitioners work in a wide variety of departments and institutions, live in countries throughout the world, and carry out a vast range of research procedures. Whether we are anthropologists, psychologists, biologists, or medical researchers, whether we live in Japan, Kenya, Brazil, or the United States, whether we conduct naturalistic observations in the field or experiments in the lab, we are united in our goal of better understanding primates. Our studies of nonhuman primates are of interest to scientists in many other disciplines ranging from entomology to sociology.
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