Perceptions of Key Stakeholders on Current Methods and Technologies Used in Monitoring and Control of Fisheries Activities in Namibia's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)

Abstract

This study assessed stakeholders' perceptions of current methods and technologies for monitoring and controlling fisheries activities in Namibia's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The research was prompted by reports of illegal fishing and inadequate resources for effective oversight. Understanding stakeholders' views is crucial for policymakers to develop suitable monitoring approaches. A qualitative investigation was conducted using in-depth interviews (18 participants) and three focus group discussions (22 participants). Findings revealed that men dominate Namibia's fisheries industry. Air surveillance and sea patrols are the primary monitoring measures, supplemented by Vessel Monitoring System (VMS) and Automatic Identification System (AIS) technologies. About 32.5% of participants were fisheries inspectors, observers, and researchers with 11–15 years of experience. Most participants rated current methods and technologies as good: 72.5% for sea patrols, 65% for air surveillance and 80% for technologies. Despite positive ratings, several challenges were identified: lack of resources and funding, inadequate modern infrastructure, high maintenance costs, limited stakeholder cooperation and compliance issues. These findings underscore the need for improvements in vessel documentation and authorization, monitoring methods and the adoption of advanced technologies like drones and onboard cameras. The study highlighted the importance of enhancing regional cooperation and coordination to address the challenges posed by globalization, and to realize the state's sovereignty and territorialization, with the EEZ still being a contested space.