Failure mechanisms of prefabricated multi-family buildings under gas explosions

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Engineering Failure Analysis Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2025.109548

Piotr Knyziak

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Large-panel buildings are multi-story structures made of prefabricated large-sized wall and floor panels, where the integrity of connections between elements plays crucial role in structural integrity. Under gas explosions, these structures exhibit specific failure mechanisms that differ from those of monolithic slab-column systems. The potential for preventing progressive collapse in large-panel buildings depends on the arrangement of load-bearing walls, the effectiveness of alternative load paths, and the resistance of structural ties. Despite adherence to modern safety standards, unexpected structural failures still occur, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of these mechanisms.

This study examines real cases of gas explosions in large-panel buildings, identifying three primary failure mechanisms. Type 1 – local damage limited to a one room (usually the kitchen), with limited structural impact on adjacent elements. Type 2 – damage to the entire apartment, potentially leading to progressive collapse depending on tie resistance. Type 3 – High-energy explosions in basements or extensive areas of gas saturation, often causing progressive collapse and significant structural damage. Analysis reveals that spatially appropriately shaped cross-wall construction systems significantly improve structural resilience by enhancing alternative load paths and reducing progressive collapse probability. Additionally, structural damage severity correlates with energy and extent of the explosion, which is consistent with modern technical standards.

The findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of how large-panel buildings behave under gas explosion overpressure, emphasizing the importance of proper reinforcement detailing, high-quality workmanship, and periodic inspections to detect corrosion or weakened connections. The study provides practical recommendations for improving design strategies, maintenance practices, and safety measures to prevent or mitigate progressive collapse. These insights are critical for enhancing the long-term safety and resilience of large-panel residential buildings, ensuring their continued usability under both normal and extreme conditions.

查看原文本刊更多论文

瓦斯爆炸作用下装配式多户建筑的破坏机理

大面板建筑是由预制的大尺寸墙体和楼板组成的多层结构，其中构件之间连接的完整性对结构的完整性起着至关重要的作用。在瓦斯爆炸作用下，这些结构表现出不同于整体板柱体系的特殊破坏机制。防止大楼板建筑逐渐倒塌的潜力取决于承重墙的布置、替代荷载路径的有效性和结构纽带的阻力。尽管遵守了现代安全标准，但意外的结构故障仍然会发生，这凸显了对这些机制有更深入了解的必要性。本研究考察了大型面板建筑瓦斯爆炸的真实案例，确定了三种主要的失效机制。类型1 -局部损坏仅限于一个房间（通常是厨房），对相邻元素的结构影响有限。2型-对整个公寓的破坏，可能会导致逐渐倒塌，这取决于绑带的阻力。类型3 -在地下室或气体饱和的大面积区域发生高能爆炸，经常造成逐渐坍塌和严重的结构破坏。分析表明，空间形状适当的跨墙结构体系通过增加可选荷载路径和降低渐进倒塌概率，显著提高了结构的弹性。此外，结构破坏的严重程度与爆炸的能量和程度相关，这符合现代技术标准。研究结果有助于更全面地了解大型面板建筑在气体爆炸超压下的表现，强调了适当的加固细节、高质量的工艺和定期检查以检测腐蚀或连接弱化的重要性。该研究为改进设计策略、维护实践和安全措施提供了实用建议，以防止或减轻渐进性坍塌。这些见解对于提高大型面板住宅建筑的长期安全性和弹性，确保其在正常和极端条件下的持续可用性至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Engineering Failure Analysis 工程技术-材料科学：表征与测试

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

20.00%

发文量

956

审稿时长

47 days

期刊介绍： Engineering Failure Analysis publishes research papers describing the analysis of engineering failures and related studies. Papers relating to the structure, properties and behaviour of engineering materials are encouraged, particularly those which also involve the detailed application of materials parameters to problems in engineering structures, components and design. In addition to the area of materials engineering, the interacting fields of mechanical, manufacturing, aeronautical, civil, chemical, corrosion and design engineering are considered relevant. Activity should be directed at analysing engineering failures and carrying out research to help reduce the incidences of failures and to extend the operating horizons of engineering materials. Emphasis is placed on the mechanical properties of materials and their behaviour when influenced by structure, process and environment. Metallic, polymeric, ceramic and natural materials are all included and the application of these materials to real engineering situations should be emphasised. The use of a case-study based approach is also encouraged. Engineering Failure Analysis provides essential reference material and critical feedback into the design process thereby contributing to the prevention of engineering failures in the future. All submissions will be subject to peer review from leading experts in the field.