Influence of digital game-based learning on social collaboration, problem-solving skills, and motivation: An integrative approach of expectancy-value theory and flow theory

Abstract

Digital game-based learning (DGBL) has increasingly attracted scholarly attention for its potential to enhance learners’ related constructs across diverse educational contexts. While its prominence grows, few studies have systematically examined its impact on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ social collaboration, problem-solving skills, and motivation, particularly through the lenses of Expectancy-Value Theory and Flow Theory in the Chinese context. To address this research gap, the present study explored the effects of the DGBL on Chinese EFL learners’ social collaboration, problem-solving skills, and motivation using a mixed-methods approach. The participants including 191 male and female students were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (EG), which engaged in the DGBL activities, or a control group (CG), which followed traditional instruction. Data were collected via pre- and post-intervention questionnaires assessing social collaboration, problem-solving skills, and motivation, with semi-structured interviews providing deeper insights into students’ perceptions. Findings revealed that the EG significantly outperformed the CG in all measured domains. Quantitative results indicated substantial gains in social collaboration, problem-solving skills, and motivation, while qualitative data underscored the participants’ positive views of DGBL’s effectiveness. These results suggest that DGBL is a potent tool for enhancing both cognitive and social dimensions of EFL learning. By fostering an interactive, learner-centered environment, the DGBL offers EFL teachers and stakeholders valuable opportunities to strengthen students’ social, cognitive, and affective development.